山西省饮水型地方性氟中毒病区监测分析  

Surveillance of drinking water fluorosis in epidemic area in Shanxi province

作　　者：桑志萍[1] 贾清珍[1] 王正辉[1] 吴赵明[1] 李鹏飞[1] 武敏[1] 李秉政[1] 雷延庆[1] 尉红[1] SANG Zhi-ping;JIA Qing-zhen;WANG Zheng-hui;WU Zhao-ming;LI Peng-fei;WU Min;LI Bing-zheng;LEI Yan-qing;WEI Hong(Shanxi Provincial Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Research, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, China)

机构地区：[1]山西省地方病防治研究所

出　　处：《疾病预防控制通报》2018年第6期24-27,共4页Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)

摘　　要：目的评价山西省饮水型地方性氟中毒病区改水防治效果,进一步制定和完善可持续防治策略。方法在全省选择6个县(区),每个县(区)采用随机抽样方法抽取3个病区村作为固定监测点,检测水源水氟含量,调查改水工程运行情况,在每村检查全部8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况。结果2013年和2014年18个监测村中已改水村16个,未改水村2个,已改水工程均运转正常;2015年18监测村中仅1个村未改水,已改水工程中16个运行正常、报废1个,2016年18个监测村全部完成改水,2016年和2017年各有2处改水工程报废,其余运行正常;所有改水工程规模以小型为主,改水工程水氟含量合格分别占56.25%,62.50%,58.82%,66.67%和66.67%;改水工程运行正常且水氟含量合格的监测村,儿童氟斑牙检出率总体在30%以下,呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=14.11,P<0.05);改水工程水氟含量超标和未改水村的监测村,儿童氟斑牙病情超出30%的控制线,仍然处于流行状态。结论山西省改水工程水氟含量合格的监测村,儿童氟斑牙病情已达到控制标准,水氟含量超标及未改水的监测村,儿童氟斑牙病情仍处于流行状态;今后应加强水质和病情监测。Objective To evaluate the preventive effects of drinking water improvement on drinking water fluorosis in epidemic area in Shanxi province, and perfectly formulate the sustainable prevention strategy. Methods There were 3 endemic fluorosis villages in each county among 6 counties randomly selected as the fixed monitoring point to detect the content of fluorine in source water. The running condition of drinking water improvement project was investigated, and dental fluorosis in all children aged 8-12 years from each village was detected. Results Out of the 18 monitoring villages, the water improvement projects were completed in 16 villages and ran normally in 2013 and 2014. In 2015, there was 1 village without water improvement, and the project ran normally in 16 villages and scraped in 1 village. The water improvement projects completed in all 18 villages in 2016, but 2 projects scraped in 2016 and 2017 respectively, all others ran normally. All water improvement projects were mainly small-scale, with the qualified water fluorine content accounting for 56.25% , 62.50% , 58.82%, 66.67% and 66.67% respectively, after water improvement from 2013 to 2017. The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children was generally under 30%, displaying decline trend with statistical difference (χ^2=14.11, P<0.05) in the villages with normally running water improvement project and the qualified water fluoride content. The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children was still over the limit of 30% in the villages with over limit of water fluorosis content and without water improvement project, and the dental fluorosis was still in the epidemic status. Conclusions The dental fluorosis in children reaches the control standard in the villages with qualified water fluoride after water improvement, on the contrary, the children dental fluorosis is in the epidemic status in Shanxi province. From now on, surveillance of water quality and epidemic of dental fluorosis should be strengthened.

关 键 词：饮水型氟中毒 水氟含量 氟斑牙 

分 类 号：R599.1[医药卫生—内科学]