改革开放以来中国农村扶贫历程与经验  

The Process and Experience of China's Rural Poverty Alleviation Since the Reform and Opening-up

作　　者：周艳红[1] ZhouYanhong

机构地区：[1]赣南师范大学中国共产党革命精神与文化资源研究中心

出　　处：《当代中国史研究》2018年第6期49-59,M0004,M0005,共13页Contemporary China History Studies

摘　　要：改革开放以来,中国农村扶贫经历了四个阶段:1978～1994年是体制变迁带动下的大幅减贫;1994～2000年是扶贫攻坚带动下的开发式扶贫;2001～2012年是小康社会建设视域下的农村扶贫开发;2012年以来是精准扶贫视域下的扶贫攻坚。从这一发展历程中我们可以归纳出如下经验:一是要处理好全局与局部的关系,坚持与时俱进的基本理念不动摇;二是要处理好阶段性与长期性的关系,最大限度地惠及广大农民群体;三是要处理好物质文明建设和精神文明建设的关系,将"扶贫先扶智"、"扶贫先扶志"提到农村扶贫政策的重要位置;四是要处理好自扶与他扶的关系,帮助农村贫困地区和贫困人口实现自我脱贫;五是要处理好"大水漫灌"、区域扶贫与精准扶贫的关系,在扶贫实力增强、扶贫质量提高的前提下,实现扶贫模式的精准化、规范化。改革开放以来中国农村扶贫的经验为当前精准扶贫和精准脱贫工作提供了宝贵借鉴。Since the reform and opening-up, China’s rural poverty alleviation has gone through four stages: from 1978 to 1994, poverty alleviation was greatly driven by institutional changes; from 1994 to 2000, development poverty alleviation was driven by poverty alleviation; from 2001 to 2012, poverty alleviation and development in rural areas was under the vision of building a well-off society; and from 2012, poverty alleviation was under the perspective of accurate poverty alleviation. We can sum up the following experiences from this course of development: firstly, we must handle the relationship between the overall and the local and adhere to the basic concept of keeping pace with the times unshakably; secondly, we must handle the relationship between the stage and the long-term and maximize the benefits of the broad masses of farmers; thirdly, we must handle the relationship between material civilization construction and spiritual civilization construction and put "poverty alleviation should first support wisdom" and "poverty alleviation should first support will" on the important position of the rural poverty alleviation policy; fourthly, we must handle the relationship between self-support and supporting others to help the rural poor areas and the poor population to achieve self-poverty alleviation; fifthly, we must handle the relationship between regional poverty alleviation and accurate poverty alleviation and realize the accurate and standardized poverty alleviation model on the premise of enhancing poverty alleviation strength and improving poverty alleviation quality. The experience of poverty alleviation in China’s rural areas since the reform and opening-up has provided valuable reference for the current work of accurate poverty alleviation and accurate poverty elimination.

关 键 词：改革开放 农村扶贫 历程 经验 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学] F329[历史地理—中国史]