镓精矿中镓的提取工艺  

Extraction process of gallium from gallium concentrate

作　　者：朱茂兰[1] 黄中省 衷水平[3] 陈杭 胡志彪[1] ZHU Mao-lan;HUANG Zhong-sheng;ZHONG Shui-ping;CHEN Hang;HU Zhi-biao(School of Chemistry and Materials, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China;School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;College of Zijin Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China)

机构地区：[1]龙岩学院化学与材料学院,龙岩364012 [2]中南大学冶金与环境学院,长沙410083 [3]福州大学紫金矿业学院,福州350108

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2018年第11期2351-2357,共7页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51474075;51704153;2016J01252)~~

摘　　要：采用"焙烧-硫酸浸出-中和沉淀"工艺提取明矾石精矿中的镓,获得含Ga 0.1%以上的镓精矿。为了实现镓精矿的高值化利用,提出"碱浸-离子交换-溶液净化-电积"回收镓精矿中金属镓的工艺,对最佳工艺条件进行研究。在最佳工艺条件下,镓精矿中Ga的碱浸浸出率达98.46%;离子交换实验表明,采用D5240树脂可以有效地富集镓,但杂质钒也得到富集,树脂解吸液中含镓2.1g/L,钒0.23g/L;在pH=12的条件下,可通过钙盐法除钒,当解吸液中Ca^(2+)添加量为0.02mol/L时,钒浓度降至1.45mg/L;镓电积过程中电流效率呈现先增大后减小的趋势,当电积时间为2h时,电流效率达到峰值4.3%;随着电积液中NaOH浓度的升高,阴极表面形貌由粗糙变得光滑。当NaOH浓度为200g/L时,阴极表面平整光滑,可获得99.94%金属镓。A gallium concentrate with more than 0.1% Ga can be obtained by "roasting-sulfuric acid leaching-and precipitation" process from alunite concentrate.In order to realize the high value utilization of gallium concentrate,the technology of recovering metal gallium by "alkali leaching-ion exchange-solution purification-electrowinning" was proposed,and the optimum technological conditions were studied.Under the optimum conditions,the leaching rate of Ga in gallium concentrates reaches 98.46%.The ion exchange experiment shows that the D5240 resin can effectively enrich Ga,but the impurity vanadium is also enriched.The desorption solution contains gallium 2.1 g/L and vanadium 0.23 g/L.Vanadium can be removed by the calcium salt method under the condition of pH=12.When the Ca2+ additive amount is 0.02 mol/L,the vanadium concentration is reduced to 1.45 mg/L.The current efficiency in gallium electrodeposits increases firstly and then decreases.When the electrodeposition time is 2 h,the current efficiency reaches 4.3% of the peak value.With the increase of NaOH concentration in the electrodeposition electrolyte,the cathode surface is from coarse to smooth.Finally,the purity of 99.94% metallic gallium is obtained.

关 键 词：镓精矿 碱浸 离子交换 钙盐沉淀 镓电积 

分 类 号：TF843.1[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]