改性细水雾灭油池火有效性研究  

Study on the effectiveness and efficiency of the modified water mist extinguishing oil pool fire in a simulated space

作　　者：贾海林[1,2] 李第辉 李小然 JIA Hai-lin;LI Di-hui;LI Xiao-ran(State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Gas Geology and Gas Control,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,Henan, China;School of Safety Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学河南省瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理重点实验室——省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,河南焦作454000 [2]河南理工大学安全科学与工程学院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2018年第6期2172-2176,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51304069,U1361205);教育部创新团队发展支持计划项目(IRT 16R22);河南理工大学博士基金项目(B2015-04)

摘　　要：纯水细水雾熄灭油类火灾初期出现的短暂温度陡升情况,可能会造成油池火灾喷溅进而影响其灭火安全性的问题,遴选了一种烷基酚与环氧乙烷缩合物的非离子液作为细水雾添加剂对其进行改性。通过分析改性细水雾特征参数,利用仿真灭火试验平台对不同质量分数的改性细水雾熄灭煤油火进行了试验研究。结果表明,改性后细水雾表面张力降低,比表面积增大。随细水雾中非离子液质量分数增大,灭火时间缩短,火焰温度急剧下降,其灭火效率优于纯水细水雾,当非离子液质量分数为5%时,其灭火效率是纯水细水雾的12.16倍,并且温降速率较纯水细水雾的温降速率提高了2.67倍。改性细水雾熄灭煤油火时没有出现类似纯水细水雾作用下的温度陡升及火焰团现象。原因是:改性后细水雾的雾动量减小,对火焰和周围空气的扰动作用减弱,其穿透火焰区到达燃料表面;由于非离子液的增溶和乳化作用,水分子包裹着油料分子,从而衰减了燃料喷溅现象和表面温度。The given paper is to introduce the results of its analysis of the characteristic parameters of the modified water mist by using a surface tension apparatus in combination with the Phase Doppler Anemometer.In the experiment,we have chosen a nonionic liquid condensate of alkyl phenol and ethylene oxide as a water mist additive to modify the water property.At first,the pure water mist can help to push an oil fire,for the briefly sudden rise of temperature may cause the oil tank fire to splash and impede the safety of the fire extinguishing.For the said reason,we have created a simulated fire extinguishing testing platform to test and analyze the modified water mist to extinguish the said kerosene fire with the various mass fractions.The test experience helps us to find that the surface tension tends to decrease with the increase of the specific surface area through modifying the water mist.And,consequently,with the increase of the mass fraction of the non-ionic liquid in the fine water mist,the extinguishing time can be shortened while the flame temperature can fall instantly.Besides,the efficiency of the fire extinguishing tends to get much heightened than that with the pure water mist,that is,12.16 times higher than that with the pure water mist.For example,when the non-ionic liquid mass fraction remains only 5%,the temperature dropping rate turns to be 2.67 times faster than that of the pure water one.And,in comparison,if there were no temperature rise,the extinguishing kerosene fire flame cluster can still be modified in the process by the water mist.Therefore,it would be necessary to mention the following 2 main causes:The first,with the increase of the specific surface area of the modified fine mist,the rate of the droplet evaporation would also tend to increase.And,secondly,the decrease of the frog momentum of the modified fine water mist may also tend to reduce the disturbance of the flame and the surrounding air.However,when the modified water mist reaches the fuel surface,the fuel spatter and the surface

关 键 词：安全工程 非离子液细水雾 仿真灭火空间 表面张力 温度陡升 灭火有效性 

分 类 号：X928.7[环境科学与工程—安全科学]