氨制冷剂冷库重大危险源辨识实践  

Practical approach to identification and discrimination of the major hazards with the installations in cold store for ammonia refrigerant

作　　者：熊从贵 金琦 林龙 XIONG Cong-gui;JIN Qi;LIN Long(Taizhou Longjiang Chemical Machinery Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wenling 317500,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]台州龙江化工机械科技有限公司

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2018年第6期2289-2292,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：进行氨制冷剂冷库重大危险源辨识,可以有效地预防事故发生,减少损失、人员伤亡或伤害。实际进行氨制冷剂冷库重大危险源辨识时,常因简化辨识界定的边界不清而造成误判。为正确进行氨制冷剂冷库的重大危险源辨识,对常用的液氨临界量计算的错误方法进行了总结和分析,结果发现单体贮氨器最大容积法的计算方法不符合GB18218-2009《危险化学品重大危险源辨识》对"单元"的定义;贮氨器总容积法判定液氨临界量的计算结果的变量为容积,而GB18218-2009《危险化学品重大危险源辨识》规定的判定数据的变量为质量;贮氨器贮存液氨总质量法也不符合GB18218-2009《危险化学品重大危险源辨识》对"单元"的定义。因此从冷库氨制冷工艺原理和系统运行操作角度,提出了"单元内液氨总质量法",并提供了各种制冷设备的灌氨量,总结出"单元内液氨总质量法"的计算方法及计算公式,并应用于实际案例,讨论不同计算方法的差异。计算结果表明,"单元内液氨总质量法"液氨临界量的计算范围包含了"单元"内的所有灌氨容器,计算结果的变量为质量,与GB18219-2009《危险化学品重大危险源辨识》的要求一致,对正确进行氨制冷剂冷库的重大危险源辨识有指导作用。The paper is devoted to making a summary of the commonly adopted methods for calculating the critical amounts of liquid ammonia,such as the method of maximum volume of monomer ammonia storage,the total volume of the ammonia storage,and the total mass of the said liquid ammonia storage,so as to correctly identify the major hazard sources for the ammonia refrigerants.Though the identification of the major hazard sources for the ammonia refrigerants can help to effectively prevent such accidents and reduce the losses,human casualties or injuries,it may also result in ambiguous boundaries and hence the misjudgments involved,if the identification process is well-prepared or oversimplified.Our analysis has shown that the calculation method for the maximum volume of the monomer ammonia storage may not be able to meet the definition of the "unit " in GB 18218-2009"identification of the major hazard installations for dangerous chemicals".For the calculation method of the total volume of ammonia storage,the variable acts merely just as a volume,whereas the GB 18218-2009 stipulates that the variable of the determination data may also serve as a quality.In a similar way,the total mass of the liquid ammonia storage may fail to meet the definition of "the unit"in the GB 18218-2009.Therefore,from the point of view of the principle and the system operation of the cold storage ammonia refrigeration process,it can be supposed that a"method of the total mass of in-unit liquid ammonia",and the ammonia charging volume in the various refrigeration installations or devices should also be offered.Thus,it can be concluded that the calculation of"the method of the total mass of the in-unit liquid ammonia",the methods and calculation formulae should finally be applied to the actual case in calculation,with the different calculation methods being discussed.Thus,the results we have gained can prove that the"method of the total mass of in-unit liquid ammonia"should take all the vessels within the unit into account in calculating the critical

关 键 词：公共安全 冷库 氨制冷剂 重大危险源 辨识 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]