西安城区2种女贞叶面滞尘和叶片形态结构  

Analysis of leaf dust accumulation and leaf morphological structure of 2 plant species under different urban environments in Xi’an

作　　者：王会霞[1] 石辉[1] 刘剑华[1] 杨荣云 张雅静[1] WANG Hui-xia;SHI Hui;LIU Jian-hua;YANG Rong-yun;ZHANG Ya-jing(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology,Xi'an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2018年第6期2344-2351,共8页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2017JQ4014);陕西省教育厅专项研究计划项目(16JK1426);住房和城乡建设部研究开发项目(2018-K2-006)

摘　　要：为研究城市不同区域植物叶面滞尘和叶片形态结构特征,以西安市不同区域的大叶女贞(Ligustrum lucidum)和小叶女贞(Ligustrum quihoui)为研究对象,用重量法测定叶面滞尘量,用激光粒度分析仪测定叶面尘的粒径分布,用图像分析法测定叶片形态结构(叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶柄长)和表皮特征(气孔密度和气孔面积)。结果表明,大叶女贞和小叶女贞叶面滞尘量在不同区域具有显著差异(ANOVA,p<0.05),其变化范围分别为0.96~5.56g/m2、1.04~6.70g/m2,且表现出小叶女贞显著大于大叶女贞(t检验,p<0.05)。大叶女贞叶面尘粒径累积曲线呈双峰分布,小叶女贞呈单峰分布。从粒径分布来看,大叶女贞叶面上滞留颗粒物粒径更小,且随污染程度的增加,叶面滞留的小粒径颗粒物亦增加。受不同区域微环境的影响,大叶女贞叶片形态发生明显变化,而小叶女贞变化不明显。总体而言,大叶女贞叶宽、叶面积、叶柄长和气孔面积随污染程度的加剧而减小,气孔密度则随污染程度的增加而增加。小叶女贞除气孔密度随污染程度的增加升高外,其他叶片结构特征,如叶长、叶宽、叶面积和气孔面积均较相对清洁区稍有增大。叶片形态特征值与滞尘量之间存在显著关系,除气孔密度与叶面滞尘量呈极显著对数正相关(p<0.05)外,其他特征值均与叶面滞尘量呈极显著的对数负相关关系(p<0.05)。This paper is inclined to make an investigation of the dust accumulation capture features of the 2 plant species(Ligustrum lucidum and Ligustrum quihoui).Its research includes the dust capturing capacities,the particle size distributive features,the leaf morphological structures(including leaf length,width and area,in addition to the petiole length) and the stomatal features(stomatal density and the pore surface) of the 2 plant species under different urban environments in Xi'an.In the paper,we have measured and analyzed the dust capturing capacities via the weighing method,whereas the particle size distribution features have been measured with a laser particle size analyzer.At the same time,the leaf morphological structures and the stomatal features have been identified and determined with the image-analysis method.The dust capturing capacities of L.igustrum lucidum and L.quihoui have significant difference in different urban areas,0.96-5.56 g/m2,1.04-6.70 g/m2,respectively.There exist significant differences among the different sampling sites(ANOVA,p < 0.05),different urban areas(ANOVA,p < 0.05) and among the plant species(t test,p < 0.05) in dust capturing amounts.There have been found 2 peak values of the size of the foliar dust of L.Lucidum,though there can be found merely one peak value of that of L.quihoui,whose leaves can capture smaller particles than those of L.quihoui according to the particle size distribution.As to L.lucidum,the portion of the small particles can be increased with the increase of the pollution level.Furthermore,the leaf morphological structures have been found having changed a lot for L.lucidum.For example,the leaf width and area,the petiole length and stomatal pore surface of L.lucidum decrease in parallel with the increase of the pollution level.But,stomatal density may keep going on rising on the contrary tendency.For L.quihoui,the leaf length and width,its area and stomatal pore surface have all been found increased slightly with the increase of the pollution level except for the

关 键 词：环境学 滞尘量 粒径分布 气孔密度 叶面积 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]