气候及土地类型变化条件下阿克苏绿洲耗水特征演变  

Water Consumption Characteristics and Evolution in Aksu Oasis Under Climate Variations and Land-use Changes

作　　者：段峥嵘[1] 祖拜代·木依布拉 夏建新[1] 刘荣霞[2] DUAN Zhengrong;ZUBAIDAI·Muyibula;XIA Jianxin;LIU Rongxia(College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China;The Administrative Centre for China's Agenda 21,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京100081 [2]中国21世纪议程管理中心,北京100038

出　　处：《应用基础与工程科学学报》2018年第6期1203-1216,共14页Journal of Basic Science and Engineering

基　　金：中央民族大学少数民族事业协同创新中心项目

摘　　要：气候和土地类型的变化将直接影响到区域水资源的利用.为探究气候和土地利用/覆盖变化条件下区域耗水特征的变化,本文选取塔里木河流域上游典型生态脆弱区阿克苏绿洲为研究区域,基于1961~2016年的气象资料,对研究区域的气温、降水、日照、风速等气象因子变化特征进行分析,结合研究区近25年来土地利用/土地覆被的变化,分析了研究区绿洲的耗水特征演变.结果表明:(1)近年来,研究区的气候变化和全球变暖趋势一致,呈明显的变暖增湿趋势.土地利用/覆被变化变化较为显著,尤其是是绿洲耕地面积,由1991年的4650.74km^2增长到2016年的8759.74km^2,增幅达88.35%;(2)在气候变化背景下,阿克苏绿洲径流量呈现显著上升趋势,平均上升速度为1.87×10^8m^3/10a,但流经绿洲后泄入塔里木河的径流却呈减少趋势,绿洲蓝水(农业灌溉)耗水量呈增加趋势;(3)气温升高使得绿洲蒸散发明显增加,作物需水量增多,加之农作物种植面积扩大,阿克苏绿洲的绿水(绿水流)耗水总量显著增加.The change of climate and land type directly influences the regional water use. To study the characteristics of regional water consumption impacted bv the change of climate and land use/cover,Aksu oasis which is the typical ecologically fragile zone of the Tarim River basin upstream,is selected as study area. Based on meteorological data of from 1961 to 2016,the change characteristics of such meteorological factors as temperature,precipitation,sun shine and wind speed is analyzed. Combined with the change of 25 year land use/cover,the variation of water consumption characteristics is examined. The study results show that:( 1) in recent years,the climate change in study area remained consistent with global warming,revealing obvious warming and humidification trend. Land use and land cover greatly changed;especially,farmland area expanded from 4 650. 74 km^2 in 1991 to 8 759. 74 km^2 in 2016,with 88. 35%increase.( 2) the streamflow of the Aksu River indicated a dramatically increase trend,with an average adding rate of 1. 87 × 10~8 m^3/10 a. However,the blue water( agricultural irrigation)consumption of Aksu Oasis showed increase trend,and the outflow to Tarim River was less and less.( 3) Due to temperature rise,the amount of evaporation and crop water requirement significantly increased. Meanwhile,the area of crop planting continuously expanded. Hence,total amount of green water( green water flow) consumption in Aksu oasis dramatically increased.

关 键 词：气候变化 LUCC 蓝水 绿水 绿洲耗水 

分 类 号：TV213.2[水利工程—水文学及水资源]