基于ERA-Interim的中国云水量时空分布和变化趋势  

Spatiotemporal Distribution and Trend of Cloud Water Content in China Based on ERA-Interim Reanalysis

作　　者：刘菊菊 游庆龙[1] 周毓荃[2] 马茜蓉 蔡淼[2] LIU Juju;YOU Qinglong;ZHOU Yuquan;MA Qianrong;CAI Miao(Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD);Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology(NUIST), Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,江苏南京210044 [2]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《高原气象》2018年第6期1590-1604,共15页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFA0601702);国家自然科学基金项目(41771069);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：利用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)发布的新一代全球分辨率ERA-Interim再分析数据,用九点平滑、一元线性回归法分析了1979-2016年中国云水量时空分布特征和变化趋势。结果表明:(1)中国云水含量和云液水含量大值区主要位于四川东部-湖南850～500 h Pa,量值达0. 015～0. 045 g·kg^(-1),这一分布与该地区层状云的富集有关。云冰水含量大值区主要位于中东部地区(27°N-35°N,97°E-110°E) 500～250 hPa,量值达0. 006～0. 025 g·kg^(-1)。三者小值区均位于西北地区西部。(2)中国多年平均整层云水量无明显线性趋势。春季云水量呈略减少,秋、冬季呈略增加趋势,夏季无明显趋势。云水量有明显年际变化,夏季年际变化远小于其他季节;干旱区、半干旱区整层云液态水含量的年际变化大于湿润区,云冰水含量相反。云水量空间变化呈西增东减趋势。(3)云水量大值区对应水汽输送辐合和低层上升运动,且对流层中低层水汽通量散度可在一定程度上表征云水含量。从而为认识和理解气候变化对中国水资源的影响提供一定依据。Based on the next-generation global resolution ERA-Interim reanalysis data released by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of cloud water (The general designation of cloud water content, cloud liquid water content, and cloud ice water content) in China from 1979 to 2016 have been analyzed by applying the methods of nine-point smoothing and one-dimensional linear regression. The results were shown as follows:(1) Cloud liquid water content and cloud water content in China are mainly located in the eastern part of Sichuan-Hunan, located at 850-500 hPa in the vertical direction, with the amount of 0.015-0.045 g·kg^-1. This distribution is closely related to the enrichment of stratus over the area. The large value of cloud ice water content is mainly located in the middle and eastern part of China (27°N-35°N, 97°E-110°E), located at 500-250 hPa in the vertical direction, with the amount of 0.006-0.025 g·kg^-1. The small values are all located in the western part of the Northwest China. (2)There is no obvious annual trend of the vertical integral of cloud water in China. The seasonal average cloud water in spring is slightly decreased, and the cloud water is increased slightly in autumn and winter. There is no obvious cloud water trend in summer. In addition, cloud water content in China has obvious interannual variation characteristics, with smallest variation in summer. The interannual variability of cloud liquid water content in arid and semiarid regions is greater than that in wet regions. In contrast, the interannual variability of cloud ice water content in arid and semiarid regions is less than that in wet regions. The spatial variation of cloud water is increased in the west of China and decreased in the east of China. (3) The more cloud liquid water content and cloud ice water content are corresponded to stronger water vapor convergence and an uplift motion in the lower layer. This indicates that the water vapor flux diverg

关 键 词：云水量 时空分布 变化趋势 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]