2012-2016年毕节市自然疫源及虫媒传染病流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological features of natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases,Bijie,2012-2016

作　　者：吴芳 陈淑媛 刘国琴 WU Fang;CHEN Shu-yuan;LIU Guo-qin(Department of Health Management,School of Management,Zunyi Medical College,Zunyi ,Guizhou 563003,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义医学院管理学院卫生管理学教研室,贵州遵义563003

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2019年第1期154-158,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：遵义医学院社会医学与卫生事业管理扶持学科资助项目(NO:4009403)

摘　　要：目的分析2012-2016年毕节市自然疫源及虫媒传染病流行病学的特征及其变化趋势,为有效制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对毕节市自然疫源及虫媒传染病报告病例进行统计分析。结果 (1)毕节市2012-2016年自然疫源及虫媒传染病共报告发病7种268例,年均发病率0. 62/10万(0. 47/10万～0. 88/10万);总体呈下降趋势,发病率差异有统计学意义(P <0. 001);发病数居前3位的病种依次为:乙脑、出血热和布病;(2)地区分布,发病数居前三位的是金沙县67例(25%)、威宁县42例(15. 7%)、黔西县37例(13. 8%);(3)时间分布,每月均有病例报告,每年发病高峰集中在7-9月份,8月发病高峰;(4)人群分布,重点发病人群年龄小于15岁;男性发病数占比明显高于女性(P <0. 001),在职业分布以农民、散居儿童为主,近5年自然疫源及虫媒传染病职业分布存在差异(P <0. 001);结论毕节市自然疫源及虫媒传染病的流行病学疫情分布总体呈现下降趋势,发病有地区聚集性特点、季节性特点和人群分布特征。Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases in Bijie during 2012-2016,so as to provide a basis for prevention and control of the diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the epidemiology of natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases from 2012 to 2016 based on the data collected from national disease surveillance system of Bijie. Results( 1) A total of 268 cases with 7 kinds of class-A and class-B natural focus diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases were reported during 2012 to2016. The annual average incidence was 0. 62/lakh with a downtrend in general over the years( P < 0. 001). The top three prevalent diseases were Japanese encephalitis,hemorrhagic fever,and brucellosis;( 2) As for geological distribution,the three regions with the highest incidence between 2012 and 2016 were Jinsha County,Weining County,Qianxi County;( 3) In terms of time distribution,the outbreaks occurred all year round with a peak between July and September. Most cases were reported in August;( 4) As for population distribution,the key population was less than 15 years old. The proportion of male cases was significantly higher than that of female( P < 0. 001). And farmers and scattered children were the highest-risk population( P < 0. 001),accounting for70. 5% of the overall incidence within 5 years. Conclusion The incidence of natural focus diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases has shown a downward trend in Bijie,and exhibits strong regional,seasonal,and epidemiological patterns. Prevention and control of natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases in highly prevalent areas during peak seasons should be emphasized.

关 键 词：虫媒传染病 自然疫源性疾病 流行病特征 

分 类 号：R181.23[医药卫生—流行病学]