岩石爆破中径向和轴向不耦合装药的对比分析  

Comparison of Radial and Axial Uncoupled Charge in Rock Blasting

作　　者：杨跃宗 邵珠山[1] 熊小锋 米俊峰 YANG Yue-zong;SHAO Zhu-shan;XIONG Xiao-feng;MI Jun-feng(School of Civil Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology,Xi'an 710055,China;School of Naval Architecture,Ocean and Civil Engineering,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China;The 1st Engineering Co Ltd,China Railway 12th Bureau Group,Xi'an 710038,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,西安710055 [2]上海交通大学船舶海洋与建筑工程学院,上海200240 [3]中铁十二局集团第一工程有限公司,西安710038

出　　处：《爆破》2018年第4期26-33,146,共9页Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(10772143).

摘　　要：根据不耦合装药介质和炸药的相对位置不同,可分为径向和轴向不耦合装药,两种装药方式均广泛应用于工程实践,研究两种装药方式的优缺点对于合理选取装药方式具有极其重要的作用。基于显式动力学有限元软件LS-DYNA建立二维数值计算模型,以岩石损伤分布、孔壁压力分布、爆破效率为评判依据,对径向不耦合系数、轴向不耦合装药位置、轴向不耦合系数等因素进行了对比分析。对比计算结果发现:随着径向不耦合系数增大,岩石破坏区逐渐减小,裂隙区在破坏区所占的比例增大;综合破坏区域和爆破效率,径向不耦合系数取2时,爆破效果较好。轴向不耦合装药位置的不同导致岩石破坏区域的不同,同样装药量前提下,空气层位于炮孔两侧时爆破效果最佳;随着轴向不耦合系数增大,岩石破坏区域逐渐减小,且破坏区域主要集中于装药段。综合三个评判依据,径向不耦合装药相对于轴向不耦合装药对爆炸能量的分布更为合理,对岩体产生的破坏范围更为均匀,故在实际工程中建议采用径向不耦合的装药形式。According to the relative position of the uncoupled medium and the explosive,uncoupled charge can be divided into radial uncoupled charge and axial uncoupled charge.At present,two kinds of uncoupled charging methods are widely used in engineering practice and it is important to study the differences between the two methods. Numerical models are established by explicit dynamic finite element software LS-DYNA to analyze the influences of the two uncoupled charging methods on the rock damage distribution,pressure distribution on the blasthole wall and blasting efficiency.It's observed that the rock failure zone gradually decreases ,while the proportion of fracture zone in the failure zone increases with the increase of radial uncoupling coefficient.Based on the damage area and blasting efficiency,the blast effect is better when the radial uncoupling coefficient is 2.The location of the axial uncoupled charge leads to the difference of the rock failure areas.And for the same loading capacity,the best blast effects can be obtained when the air layer is located on both sides of the blasthole.With the increase of the axial uncoupling coefficient,the rock failure area decreases gradually and the damage area is mainly concentrated in the charging section.Compared with the axial uncoupled charge,the radial uncoupled charge has a more reasonable explosive energy distribution and a more uniform range of rock mass damage.Therefore,the radial uncoupled charge is recommended in practical engineering.

关 键 词：岩石 爆破 不耦合装药 孔壁压力 岩石损伤 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]