鸭瘟活疫苗滴鼻诱导的黏膜免疫效果评价  

Evaluation of mucosal immune effect induced by nasally vaccinating attenuated duck plague virus vaccine

作　　者：李爱欣 李颖异 蒋文灿[1,2] 胡欣[1] 李鑫[1] 曾晓慧 白瑜[1] LI Ai-xin;LI Ying-yi;JIANG Wen-can;HU Xin;LI Xin;ZENG Xiao-hui;BAI Yu(College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University,Wenjiang 611130,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Siehuan Province,Wenjiang 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物医学院,四川温江611130 [2]动物疫病与人类健康四川省重点实验室,四川成都611130

出　　处：《中国预防兽医学报》2018年第12期1157-1162,共6页Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：大学生创新训练计划项目(201610626002)

摘　　要：为评价鸭瘟活疫苗滴鼻诱导的黏膜免疫效果,本实验将84羽21日龄雏鸭随机分为5组,分别为一免滴鼻组与一免肌注组(仅免疫一次鸭瘟活疫苗)、二免滴鼻组与二免肌注组(首免后7 d加强免疫一次鸭瘟活疫苗)、对照组免疫后每隔7 d采样采用ELISA测定雏鸭呼吸道(鼻、气管)及消化道(腺胃、十二指肠、直肠)黏膜中IgA、IgG、IgM抗体水平。另30羽21日龄雏鸭采用上述方式免疫鸭瘟活疫苗35 d后进行100 LD_(50)鸭瘟Chv株强毒攻击。结果显示,两种免疫方式刺激鸭体内产生的3种抗体水平均较对照组明显升高(p<0.01),其中滴鼻组鸭Ig A抗体水平于免疫后21 d达到峰值,较肌注组峰值早7 d出现,该峰值在两组鸭的鼻、气管、十二指肠相接近(p>0.05);IgG于免疫后14 d达到峰值,雏鸭各组织器官该抗体水平在滴鼻与肌注组之间差异不显著(p>0.05);IgM于免疫后7 d达到峰值,二免滴鼻组鸭的胃、直肠该抗体峰值显著高于肌注组,且仅气管该抗体水平显著低于肌注组(p<0.01),其余组织器官该抗体水平或者与肌注组持平或者显著高于肌注组(p<0.05)。攻毒结果显示二免后滴鼻组保护率由83.33%提升至100%,肌注组均实现完全保护。本研究结果表明鸭瘟活疫苗滴鼻免疫可以诱导产生与肌注近同等水平的保护力,但也存在一次免疫不确实的风险,二次免疫能够优化滴鼻免疫的效果,为滴鼻免疫在鸭病防治上的实际应用提供参考和依据。In order to evaluate the efficacy of mucosal immunization induced by nasally vaccinating attenuated duck plague virus (DPV) vaccine, a total of 84 21-day-old ducklings were randomly divided into 5 groups, Nasally vaccinated I and Intramuscularly vaccinated I group (only vaccinated DPV vaccine once), and Nasally vaccinated II and Intramuscularly vaccinated II group (vaccinated DPV vaccine again 7 days post first vaccination), and control group. The specific IgA, IgG and IgM induced in the respiratory tract (nasal and tracheal) and digestive tract (gastric, duodenal and rectal) mucosa of ducklings was detected by ELISA every 7 days post immunization (DPI). Another 30 immunized ducklings were challenged with 100LD50 of DPV. The results showed that the levels of the 3 DPV-specific immunoglobulins increased significantly after immunization (p<0.01). The IgA titers of nasally vaccinated ducklings peaked at 21 DPI, which was 7 days earlier than intramuscularly vaccinated group. In nasal, tracheal and duodenal mucosa, the maximum IgA titers of the nasally vaccinated group reached the same level as that of theintramuscularly vaccinated group. The IgG titers peaked at 14 DPI, and the difference between the nasal and intramuscular groups in each organ was not significant (p >0.05);The IgM titers decreased rapidly after peaking at 7 DPI, and in 4 sampled organs except duodenal mucosa, the maximum IgM titers of nasally vaccinated group were much lower (p<0.01), but only in tracheal mucosa the maximum IgM titer of nasally vaccinated group were still lower after the second immunization (p<0.01). The challenge results showed that the protection rate of the nasal drops group was increased from 83.33% to 100% after the second vaccination, and the intramuscular injection group achieved complete protection. The results of this study indicate that intranasal immunization of DPV vaccine was able to induce the same protection as intramuscular injection, but there is also a risk of immunization uncertainty, and the secondary immunity wi

关 键 词：鸭瘟 黏膜免疫 IGA IGG IGM 

分 类 号：S852.65[农业科学—基础兽医学]