利用杂草培养料栽培双孢蘑菇的可行性  

Feasibility of weeds-based compost-cultivated Agaricus bisporus

作　　者：高晓静 张昊琳 桑羽希 蔡盼盼 张国庆 陈青君 GAO Xiaojing;ZHANG Haolin;SANG Yuxi;CAI Panpan;ZHANG Guoqing;CHEN Qingjun(Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique,College of Plant Science and Technology,Beijing University of Agricultural, Beijing 102206,China;Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture of Ministry of(North)Agriculture,College of Biological Sciences and Engineering,Beijing University of Agricultural,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院植物科学技术学院农业应用新技术北京市重点实验室,北京102206 [2]北京农学院生物科学与工程学院农业部都市农业(北方)重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2018年第6期1275-1282,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：北京市农委农业科技项目(PXM 2016_014207_000052);2017年现代农业产业技术体系北京市食用菌创新团队建设经费(BAIC05-2018)资助~~

摘　　要：充分利用当地杂草资源生产双孢蘑菇对于降低生产成本和环境保护具有重要意义.在密云库区杂草多样性调查和配方工艺调整的基础上,对3个批次库区杂草的双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)生产进行全程监测,包括堆肥期和出菇期的培养料理化性质、物质变化、相关降解酶活性和培养料发酵过程中细菌菌群变化,统计产量等.结果显示,库区杂草种类繁多,株高茎粗,茎杆坚硬紧实,打捆后的杂草饱和吸水量为76.78%.堆肥期培养料的含水量、含碳量和碳氮比逐渐下降,出菇期变化不大;培养料的含氮量在培养料一次发酵结束(PI)均有下降的现象,二次发酵结束(PII)含氮量升高.培养料二次发酵过程中纤维素和半纤维素的利用率均介于40%-60%之间;木质素利用率介于20%-30%.在双孢蘑菇菌丝生长和出菇过程中木质素的利用率为16%-21%.培养料纤维素和半纤维素的含量变化与相关降解酶变化情况相一致.堆肥期样品Illumina测序得到432 595条有效序列,序列平均长度为441 bp;分类分析表明,堆肥时期优势菌群为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)的普氏菌属(Prevotella),厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),栖热菌门(Deinococcus-Thermus)的Thermus属、Truepera属、Caldicoprobacter属(一种木聚糖降解菌),放线菌门(Actinobacteria)的热多孢菌属(Thermopolyspora),变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的假黄单胞菌属(Pseudoxanthomonas). 3个批次产量在17.1-19.7 kg/m2范围.本研究表明库区杂草取代麦草进行双孢蘑菇工厂化生产是可行的,结果可为其合理利用和工艺改进提供理论依据.Making full use of local weed resources to produce Agaricus bisporus is of great importance in reducing production costs and protecting the environment. In this paper, three trial experiments were conducted on the basis of weed diversity investigation around the Miyun Reservoir and the adjustment of formulation and technology in the industrial production of A. bisporus. Compost samples from different phases of the composting process and at various cultivation stages were collected for the determination of their physical-chemical properties, lignocellulose content, lignocellulolytic enzyme activities, and bacterial communities enrichment by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The yield of mushrooms in each different trial was also calculated. The results showed several types of reservoir weeds with high, thick and hard stems. The saturated moisture of weeds was 76.78% after baling. The water content, carbon content, and C/N ratio of the samples decreased gradually during composting, but had little change during cultivation. The nitrogen content decreased at the end of phase I and increased at the end of phase II. During composting, the loss rates of hemicellulose and cellulose were both between 40% and 60%, and the loss rate of lignin was between 20% and 30%. During cultivation, instead, the loss rate of lignin was between 16% and 21%. The changes in the content of cellulose and hemicellulose of compost were consistent with that of the activity of the related degradation enzymes. A total of 432 595 valid sequences were obtained by Illumina sequencing for the samples derived from the three composting trials, and the average length of the sequences was 441 bp. Taxonomic analysis showed that the dominant bacteria were Prevotella (phylum Bacteroidetes), Bacillus (phylum Firmicutes), Thermus, Truepera, and Caldicoprobacter (phylum Deinococcus-Thermus), Thermopolyspora (phylum Actinobacteria), and Pseudoxanthomonas (phylum Proteobacteria).The yield of the three trials was in the range of 17.1-19.7 kg/m^2. It is thus feasible to u

关 键 词：培养料 木质纤维素 木质纤维素降解酶 细菌菌群 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]