个人叙事与交流式民俗志:关于实践民俗学的一些思考  

Personal narrative and Communicative Minsuzhi:Thoughts on Practical Folklore

作　　者：刘铁梁[1,2] LIU Tieliang

机构地区：[1]山东大学文化遗产研究院 [2]北京师范大学文学院

出　　处：《民俗研究》2019年第1期5-13,156,共10页Folklore Studies

摘　　要：实践民俗学是民俗学面向当下生活进行研究时的视角转换和理论重构。实践民俗学认识到:生活实践的主体是普通民众,而不是以"民俗主义"或"传统的发明"为理论依据的民俗操弄者;在田野访谈中出现的个人叙事,其实是以个人身份进入社会文化再生产过程的不可或缺的话语形式,它与集体叙事是相互建构的关系;强调实践的民俗学,必然使研究方式由传统的实证式民俗志向交流式民俗志转变,注重研究者与民众之间的交流与对话实践。作为具有学术转型意义的理论体系和研究范式,实践民俗学有助于从生活实践文化的传统及其创造性转化的视角重新认识和深刻理解中国社会正在发生的历史巨变。Practical folklore is the perspective transformation and theoretical reconstruction of folklore facing current life.It realizes that the subject of life practice is the common people,not the folklore manipulators who take folklorism or the invention of tradition as their theoretical basis.Personal narrative appearing in a field interview,is actually the indispensable discourse form that a person engages in the process of social and cultural reproduction as an individual,and it has a relationship of mutual construction with collective narrative. Emphasizing practical folklore inevitably makes the empirical minsuzhi turn to the minsuzhi of communication, which focuses on the practices of communication and dialogue between researchers and the folk.As a kind of theoretical system and research paradigm which involves the significance of academic transformation,practical folklore helps to re-recognize and deeply understand the great historical changes Chinese society is experiencing from the perspective of the tradition and its creative conservation of life practice culture.

关 键 词：个人叙事 交流式民俗志 实践民俗学 主体性 

分 类 号：K890[历史地理—民俗学]