深部生物圈病毒研究进展与展望  

Viruses in the deep biosphere: A review

作　　者：陈虹 蔡兰兰[1] 焦念志[1] 张锐[1] Hong Chen;Lanlan Cai;Nianzhi Jiao;Rui Zhang(State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science,College of Ocean and Earth Sciences,Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海洋微型生物与地球圈层研究所,海洋与地球学院,近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室,厦门361102

出　　处：《科学通报》2018年第36期3911-3919,共9页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41522603,31570172);青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室项目(QNLM2016ORP0303);中国大洋矿产资源研究开发协会项目(DY135-E2-1-04)资助.

摘　　要：病毒是地球上丰度最高的生命形式,广泛分布于包括深部生物圈在内的各种环境中.病毒通过侵染微生物宿主影响其生态特征、生态过程和生物地球化学循环,被称为"全球尺度过程的纳米尺度推动者".然而,病毒在深部生物圈中的生态功能和生物地球化学作用仍是一个"黑箱".本文综述了深部生物圈病毒的研究进展,包括病毒在典型深部生物圈环境中的分布规律和环境调控因素、多样性和群落结构、生活方式和活性、与宿主相互作用、生态效应和生物地球化学意义.在此基础上,对深部生物圈病毒在生物学、生态学和生物地球化学方面的研究方向提出建议,以期促进深部生物圈病毒学科的发展.Viruses,the most abundant biological entities on the planet,are widely distributed in various environments,including the deep biosphere.Via infection,which is frequently followed by lysis of the host cells,viruses play an important role in shaping microbial population structure,impacting the ecological characteristics of their hosts,and breaking up cellular biomass into organic matter,thereby affecting microbial processes and nutrient cycling.Because of these activities,viruses are known as nano-scale drivers of global-scale processes.The deep biosphere,extending hundreds to thousands of meters below the seafloor,harbors by far the largest reservoir of organic carbon and more than half of the world's prokaryofic organisms.However,it remains a "black box"in terms of the ecological characteristics and functions of its resident viruses.To date,only a few studies on viruses in the deep biosphere have been reported,and these mainly originate from the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP)and the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP).The limited results of these studies show that the abundance of viruses in the deep biosphere is much greater than that in marine environments (10^8-10^9viruses g^-1 in sediments versus 10^6-10^8viruses mL^-1 in seawater).In general,viral abundance decreases with an increase in depth,but the Virus-to-Prokaryote Ratio,which is used to predict the relationship between viral and prokaryotic communities,varies greatly among different deep habitats.Viral abundance is affected not only by in situ viral production and decay,processes that are usually tightly linked to the productivity of microbial hosts and the activity of extracellular enzymes,but also by the physical,chemical,and geological characteristics of the environment,including tem,. perature,total organic carbon content,sediment porosity,and sedimentation rate,amongst other factors.In addition,virus assemblages in the deep biosphere appear to be both morphologically and genetically more diverse than their aquatic counterparts.Highly diverse mo

关 键 词：深部生物圈 综合大洋钻探计划 病毒 生态功能 

分 类 号：Q939.4[生物学—微生物学]