72 Hz大冷量空间脉冲管制冷机  

Study of a 72 Hz high-capacity pulse tube cryocooler for space applications

作　　者：王乃亮 赵密广[1] 陈厚磊[1] 梁惊涛[1] Nailiang Wang;Miguang Zhao;Houlel Chen;Jingtao Liang(Key Laboratory of Space Energy Conversion Technologies,Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院理化技术研究所空间功热转换技术重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《科学通报》2018年第36期3968-3974,共7页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51776213);国家重点基础研究发展计划(613322);国家重点研发计划(2016YFB0500500)资助

摘　　要：空间应用对低温制冷机的体积与重量有着较高的限制,然而目前10W级以上的空间制冷机重量均较大,不能满足空间应用的需求,因此轻量化脉冲管制冷机的研制工作迫在眉睫.相关研究表明,提高制冷机的运行频率,是实现制冷机轻量化的一种有效途径.为了提高制冷机的运行频率,本文首先从理论上分析了蓄冷器长度、蓄冷器填料、充气压力等因素对制冷机运行频率及制冷效率的影响规律.随后加工了35mm及45mm长度的脉冲管制冷机的冷指,并通过实验对制冷机的蓄冷器填料、充气压力等进行了优化.最终成功研制了一台72 Hz同轴型大冷量脉冲管制冷机,其在250W输入电功下,具有12W@80K的冷量,相对电功卡诺效率可达13.2%,整机效率较高.Most infrared detectors work at low temperature, which enhances their detection sensitivity and visual field. Nowadays, the cryocoolers commonly used in space detectors are Stirling and pulse tube cryocoolers(PTCs). Compared with the Stirling cryocoolers, PTCs have no moving parts in the cold finger, resulting in low vibration and long lifetimes, and after decades of development, some PTCs already have comparable efficiencies to Stirling models. Thus, PTCs have been considered as ideal substitutes for Stirling cryocoolers in the future. In recent years, with the rapid progress of aerospace applications, the structure and the function of infrared detectors have become more complicated, requiring a higher cooling capacity. However, increasing cooling power always increases of the PTC’s weight, whereas many special aerospace applications have strict size and weight restrictions. As a result, miniaturization of high-capacity PTCs is required urgently in space applications. According to the Radebaugh’s research, increasing the operation frequency of PTCs can be an efficient way to minimize their size and mass because a high operating frequency can increase the energy density. Thus, many researchers and institutions at home and abroad have focused on the study of miniaturized PTCs, but most of the work is carried out on the PTCs used in space with cooling capacities under 5 W. Although some studies have been conducted on high-capacity miniature PTCs in China, none are designed for space applications. Thus, there is an urgent demand for miniaturized PTCs with cooling power above 10 W at 80 K. To minimize the sizes and weights of PTCs, the influences of the length of the regenerators, the charging pressure, and the regenerator matrix upon the operating frequency are presented. The results show that decreasing the volume of the regenerator, increasing the charge pressure, and decreasing the hydraulic diameter of the matrix are beneficial for promoting PTC efficiency with high operating frequency. On the basis of this

关 键 词：12W@80K 同轴 脉冲管 72Hz 

分 类 号：TB651[一般工业技术—制冷工程]