运城盆地和峨眉台地地裂缝基本特征  

Basic features of ground fissures in Yuncheng Basin and Emei Platform

作　　者：赵俊彦 王海刚[2] 卢全中[1] 乔建伟[1] ZHAO Junyan;WANG Halgang;LU Quanzhong;QIAOJianwe(College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang'an University,Xi'an,ShaanXi 710054,China;Geological Environment Monitoring Institution of China,Beifing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,陕西西安710054 [2]中国地质环境监测院,北京100081

出　　处：《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2018年第6期58-67,共10页The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control

基　　金：中国地调局项目(DD20160264;DD20160235)

摘　　要：运城盆地和峨眉台地(以下简称运城盆地),位于汾渭地堑系的南部,是汾渭盆地地裂缝发育较多的地区之一。自20世纪40年代在该地区发现地裂缝至2013年,在闻喜县、夏县、盐湖区、临猗县、永济市和万荣县共6县区累计发现地裂缝119条(带),发育规模大,灾害严重,给当地造成了严重的经济损失。本文在运城盆地详细调查的基础上,简要论述了地裂缝的发育概况,详细研究了运城盆地地裂缝的基本特征。研究认为运城盆地地裂缝具有沿断裂带集中发育,顺地貌分界线展布,与地面沉降伴生的空间分布特征;平面展布具有定向性、成带性和延伸性;地裂缝在剖面上表现为浅表部倾角较陡,向下延伸逐渐变缓,下盘靠近主裂缝发育同倾向次级裂缝、上盘远离主裂缝发育反倾裂缝;运动特征表现出垂直差异运动、水平拉张运动和水平剪切运动三种形式,活动特征表现为受地下水开采影响明显;地裂缝对地表的垂直剪切、水平剪切和拉张三种破坏形式导致建筑物墙体开裂倾倒、道路错断开裂、农田出现陷坑,给地裂缝沿线人民带来了严重的经济损失。研究运城盆地地裂缝的基本特征对于土地规划、防灾减灾具有科学指导意义。The Yuncheng Basin and Emei Platform(here in after referred to Yuncheng basin)are located in the southern Fenwei graben system,which is one of the ground fissures developed areas.Ground fissures have been found here since 1940s.By 2013,a total of 119 ground fissures were found in 6 counties including Wenxi County,Xiaxian County,Yanhu District,Linqu County,Yongji City and Wanrong County.Large-scale and serious disasters had caused serious economic losses.Based on detailed field investigation in Yuncheng basin, this paper briefly discusses the development of ground fissures and studies the basic features of ground fissures detail.The study shows that the ground fissures in Yuncheng Basin have the features of spatial distribution along with the fault zone,along the demarcation line of geomorphic and associated with ground subsidence.The plane distribution is directional,belt-forming and extensibility.The dip angle of the ground fissures at the shallow part are steeper than that at the deeper part.Secondary fissures develops near the main fissure and with the same inclination with the main fissure.Anti-inclined fissures away from the main fissure always develop at the hanging wall and.The movement features of the ground fissures have three formsincluging the vertical differential movement,the horizontal tension movement and the level shear movement.The active character affected bygroundwater exploitation obviously.The vertical shear,horizontal shear and tension of ground fissures always led to the building wall cracking,road faulting,and settlement of farmland which caused severe economic losses to local people.Studying the basic characteristics of the ground fissures in the Yuncheng basin has the scientific guiding significance for land planning and disaster prevention and mitigation.

关 键 词：运城盆地 地裂缝 发育特征 灾害特征 

分 类 号：P642.2[天文地球—工程地质学]