贫困县医务人员及慢阻肺患者对免疫预防的认知分析  

Cognitive analysis of immunoprophylaxis among medical staff and patients with COPD in poverty-stricken county

作　　者：秦利平[1] 黎智斌 徐蓉芳[1] 罗瑶[1] 江顿滔[1] 王佳[1] QIN Li-ping;LI Zhi-bin;XU Rong-fang;LUO Yao;JIANG Dun-tao;WANG Jia(Leshan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Leshan ,Sichuan614000,China)

机构地区：[1]乐山市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国公共卫生管理》2018年第6期783-786,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Management

基　　金：中华预防医学会免疫预防政策研究项目(20170111)

摘　　要：目的通过了解贫困县医务人员和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)患者对免疫预防的认知水平及其影响因素,为慢阻肺免疫预防的应用和推广提供依据。方法对医务人员和慢阻肺患者开展健康教育,并通过问卷调查了解干预前后医务人员和慢阻肺患者对免疫预防的认知水平及其影响因素。结果干预前后分别有12.84%和85.19%的医务人员认为慢阻肺患者需要接种流感疫苗,干预前后医务人员对慢阻肺患者是否需要接种流感疫苗的认知差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预前后分别有18.35%和87.96%的医务人员会向慢阻肺患者推荐接种流感疫苗,干预前后医务人员是否向患者推荐接种流感疫苗情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。有免费接种政策时,95%以上的医务人员会向患者推荐疫苗接种。干预后患者的接种意愿明显增加,接种率为77.25%,其中建档立卡贫困慢阻肺患者的接种率为94.31%,贫困患者的接种率明显高于非贫困患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。有继续免费接种政策时,80.67%的已接种患者有再次接种意愿。结论干预后医务人员和慢阻肺患者对免疫预防的认知以及慢阻肺患者的接种意愿和行为均明显增强。免费接种能激励医务人员的推荐和患者的接种。Objective To understand the cognitive level and influencing factors of immunoprophylaxis among medical staff and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD) in poverty-stricken county,provide the basis for the application and promotion of immunoprophylaxis. Methods Health education was administered to medical staff and patients with COPD,and the cognitive level of medical staff and patients with COPD before and after the intervention and its influencing factors were investigated through questionnaire survey. Results Before and after the intervention,12. 84% and 85. 19% of medical staff believed that patients with COPD needed to be vaccinated against influenza,there was significant difference( P< 0. 05);before and after the intervention,18. 35 % and 87. 96% of medical staff recommend influenza vaccination to patients with COPD,there was significant difference( P < 0. 05). When there was a free vaccination policy,95% or more of the medical staff recommend vaccination to patients. After the intervention,the vaccine willingness of the patients increased significantly,and the vaccination rate was 77. 25%. Among them,the vaccination rate of the poor patients who established records was 94. 31%,the vaccination rate of the poor patients was significantly higher than that of the non-poor patients,there was a significant difference( P < 0. 01). When the free vaccination policy continued,80. 67% of the vaccinated patients had the desire to be vaccinated again. Conclusion After the intervention,medical staff and patients have significantly increased their awareness of COPD and immunoprophylaxis,as well as their willingness and behavior to be vaccinated. Free vaccinations can encourage medical staff to recommend and encourage patients to get vaccinated.

关 键 词：慢阻肺 免疫预防 流感疫苗 

分 类 号：R192[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R186[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]