基于“功能节点—关键廊道”的城市生态安全格局构建——以深圳市为例  

Improving urban ecological security pattern based on functional nodes-key corridors:A case study of Shenzhen City

作　　者：吴健生[1,2] 马洪坤 彭建[2] WU Jiansheng;MAHongkun;PENG Jian(Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China;Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市规划与设计学院城市人居环境科学与技术重点实验室,广东深圳518055 [2]北京大学城市与环境学院地表过程与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2018年第12期1663-1671,共9页Progress in Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41330747)~~

摘　　要：城市生态安全格局构建是综合协调生态保护与经济发展的重要举措,对于合理配置有限的生态资源并最大限度发挥其生态作用具有重要意义。本文以深圳市为例,在生态功能节点识别的基础上,结合景观的生态系统服务价值,根据耗费距离模型,生成生态功能耗费表面,并进行最短路径网络分析,在此基础上提取核心斑块、关键生态廊道。结果表明:各景观类型的生态阻力值,林地阻力最小,且远小于其他景观类型生态阻力值;生态功能耗费梯度表面的分布呈现围绕生态功能节点向周围辐散递减的趋势,东部地区较西部西南部建成区低;核心斑块的大小和形状均存在不同程度的差异,较大的斑块集中分布在东部地区,且对应的节点级别较高;所识别的关键廊道共有4条,空间位置大体上落在基本生态控制线内,羊台山向塘朗山的廊道外缘与基本生态控制线存在冲突,需要对该区域加以管控。建议一方面适时调整生态控制线范围并将冲突部分纳入生态控制线之内,另一方面对该地区进行必要的监管和保护,防止受到进一步破坏。Improving urban ecological security pattern is an important measure to coordinate ecological protection and economic development and is of great significance for rational allocation of ecological resources and maximization of ecological effects. Taking Shenzhen City as the case study area, this study first identified the ecological function nodes, then the ecological function cost surface was generated according to the cost distance model and a shortest path network analysis was carried out. Finally, key patches and key ecological corridors were extracted. The results are as follows: (1) According to the calculated ecological resistance values of each landscape type, the resistance of forest is the smallest, and it is much smaller than the ecological resistance values of other landscape types. Therefore, forest is of great significance to the ecological security of the study area. (2) Ecological function cost gradient surface in Shenzhen City diverges around a key ecological function node, and the eastern region is lower than the western region. (3) The area and shape of the key patches are different, the large patches are mainly distributed in the eastern part, and the corresponding node levels are high. (4) Four key ecological corridors can be identified, and their locations are mostly within the basic ecological control line. But some parts of them do not fall within the basic ecological control line, therefore strict control is needed in these areas. (5) Core patches and key corridors are basically within the ecological control line, indicating that the ecological security of Shenzhen City is overall controllable. (6) Given that outer edges of some core patches and key corridors fall outside the ecological control line and are highly likely to withstand the risk of human interference, it is recommended that on the one hand, the scope of the ecological control line should be adjusted and the conflict parts should be included within the ecological control line. On the other hand, necessary supervision and prote

关 键 词：城市生态安全格局 耗费距离模型 功能网络 关键生态廊道 深圳 

分 类 号：TU984.115[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]