复混肥及施用方法对木薯产量构成因素、土壤养分及经济效益的影响  

Effect of Compound Fertilizer and Applying Method on Yield Component, Soil Nutrient and Economic Benefit

作　　者：韦家少[1] 吴敏[1] 何鹏[1] 吴炳孙[1] 吴文冠 高乐[1] 王桂花 孙勇 WEI Jiashao;WU Min;HE Peng;WU Bingsun;WU Wenguan;GAO Le;WANG Guihua;SUN Yong(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2018年第12期2343-2349,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(No.2015BAD15B01);海南省重点研发计划项目(No.SQ2017XDNY0061);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(No.1630022017008;No.1630022016007)

摘　　要：采用随机区组试验,比较复混肥585、780、1 170 kg/hm^2在一次施肥和分次施肥处理下对华南12号木薯产量构成因素、土壤养分及经济效益的影响,探讨木薯种植中的最佳施肥方案和经济效益。结果表明:复混肥处理的化肥施用量分别比对照减少了52.71%、36.94%和5.42%,但其株高、单薯长度、单薯粗、鲜薯重和地上部鲜重均与对照差异不显著。木薯种植降低了土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮含量,提升了土壤速效磷含量,而施肥量1 170 kg/hm^2的T3、T6处理提升了土壤速效钾含量。但相对于对照,土壤肥力的变化则因施肥量和施肥次数而异,复混肥施用量为585、780 kg/hm^2的处理,分次施用更有利于减缓土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量的降低,而施肥量为1 170 kg/hm^2的处理分次施用仅有利于减缓土壤有机质含量的降低,而不利于减缓土壤速效磷含量的降低。另外,所有复混肥处理均比对照具有更高的产投比,但经济效益最好的为T1、T4处理,其次为T2和T5处理。因此,从产量构成因素、土壤养分变化和经济效益综合考虑,T4为最佳施肥方案。By randomized block test,the effects of compound fertilizer usages 585,780,1 170 kg/hm^2,and fertilization times on yield component,soil nutrient and economic benefit were compared,the best fertilization schedule and economic benefit were discussed in planting cassava.The researching results indicated the applying quantities of the compound fertilizer were decreased 52.71%,36.94%and 5.42%from the first treatment to 6th treatment comparing with CK1 and CK2,datums of the stem height,length of single cassava,wideth of single cassava,weight of fresh cassava and fresh weight of overground part were similar between treatments of using compound fertilizer and treatments of farmers' fertilization practice (CK1 and CK2).Planting cassava decreased soil pH,content of soil organic matter (OM)and soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN),increasing content of soil rapidly available phosphorus (AP).Treatment of T3 and T6 (1170 kg/hm^2)increased content of soil rapidly available potassium (AK).But compared to contrasts,the change of soil nutrients were different because of fertilizing amounts and times.Compound fertilizer application amount of 585 kg/hm^2 and 780 kg/hm^2,by split application,retarded the decreasing rate of OM,AN,AP and AK,but only retarding OM decreasing rate in treatment of 1 170 kg/hm2.Moreover,treatments of compound fertilizer had higher input-output ratio than contrasts,and the first and 4th had the best economic benefit followed by the 2nd and 5th.So the 4th treatment was the best fertilization schedule because of its influence on yield component,soil nutrient and economic benefit.

关 键 词：复混肥 木薯 产量 土壤养分 经济效益 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]