2016年黄河入海口北侧水鸟群落组成及多样性  

Composition and Diversity of Waterbirds’ Community in North of the Yellow River Estuary in 2016

作　　者：黄子强 关爽 金麟雨 张树岩[2] 车纯广 朱书玉[2] 李东来[1] HUANG Ziqiang;GUAN Shuang;JIN Linyu;ZHANG Shuyan;CHE Chunguang;ZHU Shuyu;LI Donglai(College of Life Sciences,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,Liaoning,P.R.China;Huanghekou Management Station,Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve,Dongying 257091,Shandong,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学生命科学院,辽宁沈阳110036 [2]山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区黄河口管理站,山东东营257091

出　　处：《湿地科学》2018年第6期735-741,共7页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31672316);辽宁省教育厅项目(L2015196)资助

摘　　要：2016年1~12月,采用直接计数法,对山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区黄河口管理站所辖区域的水鸟多样性进行了调查,共记录水鸟8目15科77种。其中,有国家I级重点保护鸟类5种,国家II级重点保护鸟类8种,列入《世界自然保护联盟濒危物种名录》极危物种1种,濒危物种2种,易危物种7种,近危物种4种。黄河口地区水鸟组成具有显著的季节变化,春季和秋季水鸟种类较多,其优势物种有豆雁(Anser fabalis)、鸿雁(Anser cygnoides)、斑嘴鸭(Anas zonorhyncha)、绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)和灰鹤(Grus grus),多样性指数和均匀度指数较高;夏季水鸟种类和数量相对较少,优势物种为黑嘴鸥(Chroicocephalus saundersi)、夜鹭(Nycticorax nycticorax)和大白鹭(Ardea alba)等;冬季,水鸟种类较少,但是数量较多,多为雁鸭类等越冬水鸟。研究区湿地资源和水鸟多样性丰富,是迁徙期水鸟的重要中途停歇地,在东亚-澳大利西亚迁徙路线水鸟保护中具有重要作用。The species composition and diversity of waterbirds' community in North of Yellow River Estuary was surveyed using the direct count method from January to December 2016. In total, 77 species of waterbirds(366 155 individuals) belonging to 15 families and 8 orders were recorded. Among these species, 5 were classified as the first class of the national protected birds in China and 8 were the second class of the national protected birds. One, two, seven and four species were respectively recognized as critically endangered,endangered, vulnerable and near threatened species listed by the Red List of International Union for Conservation of Nature respectively. The bird diversity showed significantly seasonal variation, with higher species richness, abundance, diversity and evenness indices in spring and autumn and relatively lower in summer and winter. The dominant waterbird species in spring and autumn were Anser fabalis, Anser cygnoides, Anas zonorhyncha, Anas platyrhynchos and Grus grus;and the dominant species in summer were Chroicocephalus saundersi, Nycticorax nycticorax, Ardea alba. In winter, the dominant waterbird were Anseriformes birds with relatively higher numbers but lower species richness. As a result, the North of Yellow River Estuary was an important stopover site for the migrating waterbirds due to the different kinds of wetlands and richness in waterbirds diversity and was much valuable in the conservation of waterbirds on the East Asia-Australasia Flyway.

关 键 词：水鸟 多样性:迁徙 黄河三角洲 黄河口管理站 

分 类 号：Q958.2[生物学—动物学]