大型储罐底板焊缝缺陷非接触式自动检测仪的研制  

Development of non-contact automatic detector for defects in large tank bottom weld seam

作　　者：张颖[1] 张维 徐磊[1] 王兵[2] ZHANG Ying;ZHANG Wei;XU Lei;WANG Bing(College of Mechanical Science and Engineering,Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing Heilongjiang 163318,China;Hangzhou Special Equipment Inspection Institute,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310003,China)

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学机械科学与工程学院,黑龙江大庆163318 [2]杭州市特种设备检测院,浙江杭州310003

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2018年第10期67-72,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金资助(E2018015);国家质量监督检验检疫总局科技计划项目(2016QK164)

摘　　要：为解决储罐底板焊缝缺陷缺少自动化检测手段的问题,基于电磁超声检测方法,研制一款自动检测仪;对于其中关键的检测传感器,研制一款激发斜入射SV波的电磁超声传感器,并在焊缝试板上测试传感器的检测能力;最终探究回波信号小波降噪方法,并在模拟储罐底板上进行试验,测试检测仪的行走记录能力。结果表明:无论试板有无防腐漆,该传感器能够准确检测出其焊缝的缺陷;根据极大极小阈值法(minimaxi),使用db4小波能够实现对回波信号的降噪处理;该检测仪可以实施储罐底板焊缝非接触式检测,并记录标记缺陷,形成带缺陷标记的检测地图,能够代替人工进罐检测,减少人员进罐清理检修可能造成的人员伤亡。Seeing that there was no automatic detection means for defects in large tank bottom plate weld seam,the authors devoted themselves to developing an automatic detector based on the electromagnetic acoustic detection method.As for the key detection transducer,an electromagnetic acoustic transducer for exciting oblique incident SV waves was developed.The transducer's detection capability was tested on weld seam test panels.An echo signal wavelet noise reduction method was investigated and experiments were carried out on the simulated tank bottom plate to test the detector's walking-recording ability.The results show that the transducer can accurately find the defects in the weld seam whether there is anti-corrosion paint on the test panel or not,that according to the minimaxi threshold method,the noise reduction of the echo signal can be realized by using the db4 wavelet,and that the detector can implement the non-contact inspection of the tank bottom weld seam,record and mark defects to form a test map with the defect mark, which can replace the manual detection and reduce the casualties that may be caused by the personnel entering the tank cleaning and repairing.

关 键 词：罐底焊缝 非接触检测 自动检测仪 电磁超声传感器 小波降噪 检测地图 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]