惠而不实:宋代老人救助实态  

Analysis on Actual Rescue of Poor Elders in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：马晓燕[1,2] MA Xiao-yan(School of History and Culture ,Henan University ,Kai f eng 475001,Henan ,China;Ancient Chinese History Center,Henan University ,Kai feng 475001,Henan ,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学历史文化学院,河南开封475001 [2]河南大学中国古代史中心,河南开封475001

出　　处：《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第1期101-109,共9页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金项目"宋代家庭养老研究"(17BZS044)阶段性成果;教育部人文社科基金青年项目"宋代养老制度研究"(16AZS011)阶段性成果

摘　　要：宋代老人救助政策在实施过程中,屡屡出现冒名支领的现象,同时还存在地方官员推行不力、监司疏于监察、救助粮米不足等弊病,严重影响了老人救助政策的实施效果。为遏制冒名支领的现象,宋廷严惩不法官吏及冒领之人,推行奖励举告政策。针对地方官员奉行不力的弊病,加强监司对地方州县老人救助事务的监察,强化御史台对监司的监督,建立纵横交错的监察体系。胥吏对救助信息的控制、地方财政的困窘及官员考核的经济导向,是制约救济政策实施的关键因素,政府的治弊、防弊措施,并未触及官员管理制度、财政制度的核心层面,既无法杜绝冒名支领的现象,也未能激发州县官员及监司的政治热情,因此不能有效改变老人救助惠而不实的状况。While in the process of actual rescue,the imposture repeatedly appeared.At the same time,there were also some problems such as the lack of local implementation,the dereliction of duty in supervision,and the insufficient food distribution and so on,which affected the efficiency of the policy.In order to curb the phenomenon of the imposture and collusion,the Song court severely punished the illegal officials and impostors and carried out the incentive policy.Aiming at the malpractice of local officials,the department had strengthened supervision,intensified the supervision of the imperial supervision department and established a criss-cross supervision system.The control of the aid information,the dilemma of local finance and the economic guidance of officials' assessment were the key factors of implement of the policy.The measures of the government that treat and prevent the disadvantages had not touched the core level of officials' management system and financial system.Therefore,it did not change the situation of the old people's rescue.

关 键 词：宋代 老人救助 鳏寡孤独 居养院 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]