航天诱变技术在小麦育种上的应用  

Application of Space-flight Mutagenesis Techniques in Wheat Breeding

作　　者：张福彦[1] 张建伟[1] 程仲杰[1] 陈晓杰[1] 齐红志 杨保安[1] 范家霖[1] 崔龙[1] ZHANG Fuyan;ZHANG Jianwei;CHENG Zhongjie;CHEN Xiaojie;QI Hongzhi;YANG Bao'an;FAN Jialin;CUI Long(Henan Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences/Isotope Institute Co.,Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences,Zhengzhou, Henan 450015;Agricultural Economy and Information Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002)

机构地区：[1]河南省科学院同位素研究所有限责任公司/河南省核农学重点实验室,河南郑州450015 [2]河南省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《核农学报》2019年第2期262-269,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省科技攻关计划项目(172102110069;182102110057);河南省小麦产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(Z2010-01-04)

摘　　要：航天诱变是利用微重力、强辐射、超低温等空间特殊环境诱变植物种子或离体组织,获得有益突变体,进而选育植物新品种或创制优异育种材料和基因资源的技术。本文综述了航天育种的概念、发展历程以及在小麦育种方面取得的成就,重点介绍了近年来在航天诱变对小麦重要农艺性状的影响以及航天诱变的遗传机制等方面的研究工作,并据此探讨了航天诱变研究中存在的问题及今后可能的研究方向和应用前景,旨在为我国小麦航天育种研究提供一定的理论参考。Space-flight mutation is a technique by using micro-gravity, strong radiation, ultra-low temperature and other special space environment to induce seeds or in vitro tissues of plants to obtain beneficial mutants, and therefore breeding new plant varieties or creating excellent breeding materials and genetic resources. This paper summarizes the concept and development of space-flight breeding and achievements in wheat breeding focuses on the effect of space mutation on important agronomic characters of wheat as well as genetic mechanism of space mutation in recent years. Furthermore, we also discussed the existing problems and the possible research direction and application prospect in future studies of space mutation, which aimed at providing a theoretical reference for wheat space breeding in China.

关 键 词：航天诱变 小麦 生物学效应 育种应用 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]