水化学分析方法在地下水异常核实中的应用  

Application of Hydrochemistry to the Verification of Groundwater Anomalies

作　　者：张磊[1] 刘耀炜[1] 任宏微[1] 柯云龙 ZHANG Lei;LIU Yao-wei;REN Hong-wei;Ke Yun-long(Key Laboratory of Crustal Dynamics,Institute of Crustal Dynamics,CEA,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地壳应力研究所地壳动力学重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《地震》2019年第1期29-38,共10页Earthquake

基　　金：中国地震局地壳应力研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(ZDJ2016-08);国家自然科学基金(41703009);中国地震局"云南鲁甸6.5级地震专题研究"项目;地震科技星火计划(XH17016)

摘　　要：地震前兆识别中的异常核实工作是提高地震分析预报能力的重要环节。"四图一法"是地下水异常核实中有效的水化学分析方法,其中Piper图和Schoeller图用于判定地下水化学类型和补给关系,Gibbs图用于判定地下水化学成分来源,Giggenbach三角图用于判定地下水的水岩平衡状态和是否有深部活动信息,以及混合比例法用于计算地下水的混合程度。同时,介绍了水化学分析方法在异常核实应用中的水样采集、测试方法和基本原理。使用水化学分析方法,有助于判定异常的构造或非构造活动影响因素,提高异常判定的科学水平。The anomaly verification is an important part of improving the earthquake prediction ability.The diagrams of Piper,Schoeller,Gibbs and Giggenbach,and the mixed proportional method,called as "four figures and a method",which is a reliable analytical method for the groundwater anomaly verification.The Piper diagram and Schoeller diagram can be used for the determination of the hydrochermical types and the recharge of groundwater.Groundwater chemical composition can be defined as derived from atmospheric precipitation,rock dominance,and/or the evaporation-crystallization process by using Gibbs diagram.The diagram of Giggenbach is applied to determine the state of water-rock equilibrium and whether there is deep fluid activity.The mixed proportional method is appropriate for calculating the mixing degree of groundwater.We also summarized the basic principles of using hydrochemical methods to check groundwater anomalies and its water sampling and testing techniques.These hydrochemical methods can be used to verify that whether the fluid anomalies is related to tectonic and/or non-constructive activity,and to improve the scientific level of anomaly judgment.

关 键 词：水化学 地下水异常 异常核实 构造活动 环境干扰 

分 类 号：P315.7[天文地球—地震学]