海底隧道主动控制式防排水系统及其设计方法  

An active control waterproof and drainage system of subsea tunnels and its design method

作　　者：张顶立[1] 孙振宇[1] ZHANG Dingli;SUN Zhenyu(Key Laboratory for Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学城市地下工程教育部重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2019年第1期1-17,共17页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51738002);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0805401)~~

摘　　要：针对海底隧道排水量控制与结构水荷载之间的矛盾,提出主动控制式防排水设计新理念,即通过主动调节围岩加固圈和初期支护结构的强度和抗渗性能,实现排水量与二衬结构受力的双控制。首先针对围岩条件进行抗渗性分级,为排水量控制标准的确定以及围岩加固和支护方案的制定提供依据;建立包括围岩加固圈和初期支护在内的整体渗流力学模型,可对不同层次的渗水量进行准确预测,并分析各堵水结构的抗渗性能以及堵水系统联合堵水的效果;建立由复合围岩和复合支护结构组成的水荷载计算模型,分析围岩加固圈和初期支护结构水荷载及其主要影响因素,并给出结构安全性的评价方法;在此基础上,以结构渗水量和水荷载为控制目标,建立海底隧道防排水系统的多目标协同优化设计方法,明确提出围岩加固圈和初期支护作为堵水主体也是水荷载的主要承担者,二次衬砌则作为安全储备。最后介绍研究成果在厦门翔安海底隧道F1风化槽地段防排水设计中的应用,实施了堵水系统的协同设计,工程已投入运营8 a,各种性能状况良好,达到了预期效果。Aiming at the contradiction between the drainage control and the structure water load of subsea tunnels,a new design concept of active control waterproof and drainage was proposed,namely adopting active adjustment measures of the strength and the impermeability of the reinforcing area and the primary support structure to realize the dual control of the drainage quantity and the secondary lining force. The anti-seepage classification of the surrounding rock conditions was carried out to provide a basis for the determinations of the drainage control standard and the support scheme of the surrounding rock. An overall seepage mechanical model including the reinforcement area and the primary support was set up,which can be used to accurately predict seepage quantity at different levels,and then to analyze the impermeability of each water plugging structure and the combined effect of water plugging system. A calculation model of the water load composed of composite surrounding rock and composite supporting structure was established,through which the water load and the main influence factors of the reinforcement area and the primary support structure were analyzed and the structure safety assessment method was given. On this basis,taking the structure seepage quantity and the water load as the control objectives,a multi-objective collaborative optimal design method for the waterproof and drainage system of subsea tunnels was established. It was clearly proposed that the reinforcement area and the primary support are the subject of water plugging and the main undertaker of the water load,while that the secondary lining plays a role of safety reserve. The collaborative design of the water plugging system was successfully performed in F1 weathered trough of Xiamen Xiang′an subsea tunnel. The project has well run for eight years and the expected effect was achieved.

关 键 词：隧道工程 海底隧道 主动控制式防排水系统 抗渗性分级 结构渗水量 结构水荷载 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]