地权结构和村庄民主对农户林业投入的影响  

Effect of Land Rights Structure and Village Democracy on Farmers' Forestry Inputs

作　　者：任洋 Jari Kuuluvainen 姚顺波[1] 薛彩霞[1] 杨柳[1] REN Yang;KUULUVAINEN Jari;YAO Shunbo;XUE Caixia;YANG Liu(Research Centre for Resource Economics and Environment Management,Northwest A & F University,Yangling ,Shaanxi 712100,China;Department of Forest Sciences,University of Helsinki ,Helsinki 00014,Finland)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源经济与环境管理研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]赫尔辛基大学林业科学学院,芬兰赫尔辛基00014

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第1期128-136,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71773091;71403212)

摘　　要：在民主实施集体林权改革的要求下,通过中国南方集体林区658户农户调研数据,运用两步法Double-Hurdle模型重点研究林地产权结构优化及村庄民主程序对农户林业投入的影响。研究发现林地使用权与处置权优化具有显著的投资激励效应,而林地使用权的投资激励效用不显著。更重要的是,村庄民主能够显著正向调节投资激励效应,主要是林地通过使用权与处置权发挥作用的。可能的解释为村庄民主程序能够显著增强农户对林地使用权与处置权的感知、认知与信心。基于研究结论,提出三个方面政策启示:(1)虽然新一轮改革具有一定的投资激励效应,但是法律与制度层面的林地产权制度并未完全落实,基层政府仍有进一步优化和推进改革配套政策有效落实的空间,尤其是要重视林农收益权的提升;(2)相关管理部门须进一步引导农户正确、充分地认知其对于自身林地资源享有的权利,增强农户对林地产权的认知与信心,以加强政策效能;(3)政府仍需推进村庄民主制度建设,加强农民在村庄公共事务决策中的话语权,运用村庄民主程序显化基层群众的政策需求,以辅助政府进行有效的政策供给。Based on the background of implementing Collective Forest Tenure Reform(Tenure Reform)by democratic procedures,this study investigated,in particular,the effects of village democracy on the farmers’ forestry input incentives of the Tenure Reform.We use the Double Hurdle model and micro survey data of 658 households from the southern collective forest region of China to estimate the reduced form equations for probability and quantity of labor and monetary inputs into forestry.The results reveal that the improved forestland use and disposition rights had a stable significant effect on household investments into forestry,while the beneficiary right had not.More importantly,we find that village democracy could significantly strengthen households’ forestry investment incentives induced by the improved property rights under the Tenure Reform.These effects may be explained by the fact that village democracy improved households’ perception,cognition,and,subsequently,confidence towards,especially,the use and disposition rights of the forests entitled to them.Therefore,we propose three policy enlightenments:(1)Forestland property right system in law and regime has not been put into practice completely,and there is still room for local government to optimize the arrangement of forestry production policy,to boost the implementation of the supporting measures,and to,especially,attach importance to the improvement of households’ usufruct of forestland;(2)Related administrative departments should further guide households to correctly and fully understand the right they own towards their forestland resource in order to enhance their confidence towards the property rights of forestland in the future;(3)Government still need to carry the improvement of village democracy system a step forward,to strengthen farmers’ discourse power in the decision making of public affairs,and to manifest grass roots’ policy needs by employ village democratic procedures better.

关 键 词：林权改革 产权结构 村庄民主 林业投入 

分 类 号：F326.2[经济管理—产业经济]