薏苡属种质资源的主要表型性状多样性研究  

Analysis of Main Phenotypic Characteristics in Coix L. Germplasm Resources

作　　者：李祥栋 潘虹 陆秀娟 魏心元 陆平[3] 石明 练启仙 LI Xiang-dong;PAN Hong;LU Xiu-juan;WEI Xin-yuan;LU Ping;SHI Ming;LIAN Qi-xian(Adlay of Engineering Technical Research Centre in Guizhou,Xingyi 562400;Southwest Guizhou Institue of Karst Regional Development,Xingyi Guizhou 562400;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Department of Biology and Chemistry,Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities,Xingyi Guizhou 562400)

机构地区：[1]贵州省薏苡工程技术研究中心,兴义562400 [2]贵州黔西南喀斯特区域发展研究院,兴义562400 [3]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [4]兴义民族师范学院生物与化学学院,兴义562400

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2019年第1期229-238,共10页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合重大专项字[2014]6023);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2016]2608号);贵州省高层次创新型人才培养(黔科合人才[2015]4016号);黔西南州科技计划项目(2017-1-2)~~

摘　　要：对108份薏苡属种质资源的22个表型性状进行了多样性分析和分类。结果表明,全部材料涵盖了薏苡属的2个种和4个变种,除了花药色表现一致外,其他9个描述型性状(芽鞘色、叶鞘色、幼苗叶色、柱头色、幼果颜色、果壳色、喙的有无、总苞形状、总苞质地)的多样性指数在0.5519～1.6475之间,12个数值型性状(株高、着粒层、主茎粗、叶长、叶宽、总分蘖数、有效分蘖数、主茎节数、分枝节位、百粒重、粒长、粒宽)的变异系数范围为13.01%～60.09%。相关分析发现,大部分数值型性状间存在显著相关性,而主成分分析将表型性状分为5个主成分,累积贡献率为77.363%。聚类分析将108份资源划分为3个类群,类群Ⅰ主要分布在较高纬度地区,表现为植株矮小、叶片小、节数少和分枝节位低等特点;类群Ⅱ主要分布在中国的长江中下游、西南和南方地区及东南亚的较低纬度地区,表现为植株高度、茎粗、节数及叶片大小等表现中等、分蘖数偏低等特点;类群Ⅲ分布在中国西南地区,主要表现为植株茎秆高大粗壮、叶片大、节数多和分枝节位高、分蘖多、生物量大等特征。大部分材料均表现出比较明显的地域性和不同的表型特征,可以作为薏苡新品种选育和改良的优异亲本材料。The objective of this study attempts to evaluate the diversity of Coix germplasm resources by phenotypic chracters and thus provide basis for parent selection and variety improvement.A total of 22 phenotypic traits were investigated on 108 Coix L.germplasm accessions, which contained two species and four varieties of Coix L.The genetic diversity of 9 descriptive traits (colour of coleoptile, seaf sheath, seeding leaf, stigma, young fruit, presence of involucre, involucre shape and texture) ranged from 0.55~1.65.The variation coefficients of 12 numerical characters (plant height, grain layer, stem diameter, length of leaf, width of leaf, total tillers per plant, productive tillers per plant, nodes on main stem, branching node, 100-fruit weight, involucre length and involucre width) ranged from 13.0%~60.1%.Moreover, most of numerical traits related significantly to each other, and five principle componence were extracted and simplified from the phenotypic traits with a cumulative percentage of 77.4% by principle componence analysis.By cluster analysis, these acceccsions were clarified into three groups, including: group-I, in which these accessions showed dwarf plants, smaller leaf, fewer nodes and lower branching nodes, and in which they were distributed in the higher latitude areas;group-II, in which these accessions were distributed in the lower latitude areas of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, south and southwesr of China and southeast Asia, showing medium plant height, fewer tillers, stem diameters, nodes and branching nodes, leaf sizes there;group-III, in which the accessions were distributed in southwest of China, with the higher plants and thicker stem diameter, larger leaf size, more nodes and higher branching nodes, more tillers and higher biomass.Thus, by taking use of this collection with regional peculiarity and distinct phenotypic variation, this work might provide insight for selecting parental materials being valuable in breeding for elite adlay.

关 键 词：表型 种质资源 多样性 薏苡 

分 类 号：S519[农业科学—作物学]