贵州省燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒历史重病区村16周岁以上人群总摄氟量调查分析  

Analysis of total fluoride intake for persons over 16 years old in historic heavier illness villages of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Guizhou Province

作　　者：张伯友[1] 张念恒[2] 李杨[1] 安冬[1] Zhang Boyou;Zhang Nianheng;Li Yang;An Dong(Department of Epidemiology,Institute of Endemic Disease,Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004,China;Quality Control Department of Center Laboratory,Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guiyang 550004,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心地方病防治研究所流行病科,贵阳550004 [2]贵州省疾病预防控制中心实验中心质量控制科,贵阳550004

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2019年第1期41-44,共4页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：贵州省卫生计生委科学技术基金(gzwkj2012-1-119、gzwjkj2014-1-016).

摘　　要：目的 了解贵州省燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒(简称燃煤型氟中毒)历史重病区综合防治后16周岁以上人群总摄氟量现状。 方法 2017年,选择历史病情较重且未达到病区消除标准的荷花村、吉丰村和吉坪村作为调查点。对3个村全部8-12周岁在校学生进行氟斑牙患病情况检查;每村抽取10户居民户,调查16周岁以上人群平均每人每天的主食、蔬菜、水摄入量,并采集其家中食用玉米、大米、干辣椒、饮用水、室内空气样品,检测氟含量,计算人群总摄氟量。并将调查结果与2006年调查数据进行比较。 结果 荷花、吉丰、吉坪3个村8-12周岁儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为16.86%(29/172)、17.90%(29/162)、7.94%(10/126),与来自文献的2006年[94.32%(216/229)、100.00%(72/72)、99.63%(267/268)]比较差异均有统计学意义(χ^2 = 247.97、136.95、345.13,P均< 0.01);氟斑牙指数分别为0.36、0.40、0.12。3个村居民饮用水氟含量中位数分别为0.040、0.029、0.033 mg/L;主食大米的氟含量中位数分别为0.019、0.016、0.015 mg/kg,与2006年(主食为玉米,17.520、36.620、27.770 mg/kg)比较分别降低了99.89%、99.96%、99.95%;干辣椒氟含量中位数分别为2.09、1.97、0.35 mg/kg,与2006年(514.21、1 035.29、947.78 mg/kg)比较,分别降低了99.59%、99.81%、99.96%,二者比较差异均有统计学意义(Z= 2.079、2.542、2.449,P均< 0.01);室内24 h空气样均未检出氟化物。3个村16周岁以上人群平均每人每日摄氟量为0.304、0.279、0.273 mg,与2006年(19.564、33.837、27.224 mg)比较,分别降低了98.45%、99.18%、99.00%。 结论 贵州省燃煤型氟中毒历史重病区,16周岁以上人群总摄氟水平显著降低。Objective To understand the status of total fluoride intake for persons over 16 years old after implementation of comprehensive prevention and control measures in historical severe diseased areas of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis in Guizhou Province. Methods In 2017, a total of 3 villages were selected as survey sites in Hehua, Jifeng and Jiping villages, which were heavier and did not meet the standards for elimination of the disease areas. Dental fluorosis of all children aged 8 - 12 were examined in these three villages. In each village, 10 households were selected and average daily intake of staple foods, vegetables and drinking water per person over 16 years of age were surveyed. Samples of corn, rice, dried pepper, drinking water, and indoor air were collected and the content of fluoride was measured, and total fluoride intakes for adults were calculated. The survey results were compared with the survey data of 2006. Results The detection rates of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 - 12 in Hehua, Jifeng and Jiping were 16.86% (29/172), 17.90% (29/162), 7.94% (10/126), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant compared to those of 2006 [94.32% (216/229), 100.00% (72/72)、99.63% (267/268), χ^2 = 247.97, 136.95, 345.13, P < 0.01]. The fluorosis indices were 0.36, 0.40, and 0.12, respectively. In the three villages, the medians of fluoride in drinking water were 0.040, 0.029 and 0.033 mg/L. The staple food was rice, and their medians fluorine content were 0.019, 0.016, and 0.015 mg/kg, respectively, which decreased 99.89%, 99.96%, 99.95%, compared with those of 2006 (the staple food was corn, with medians of 17.520, 36.620 and 27.770 mg/kg). The medians of fluorine in dried pepper were 2.09, 1.97 and 0.35 mg/kg, respectively, which decreased 99.59%, 99.81%, 99.96%, respectively, compared with those of 2006 (514.21, 1 035.29, 947.78 mg/kg), the differences were statistically significant (Z = 2.079, 2.542, 2.449, P < 0.01). No fluoride was detected in indoor air samples 24 hours a

关 键 词：氟中毒 牙 煤 总摄氟量 

分 类 号：R599.1[医药卫生—内科学]