2017年青海省互助县饮水型氟中毒防治状况调查  

An investigation on prevention and treatment of drinking-water-borne fluorosis in Huzhu County of Qinghai Province in 2017

作　　者：蒲光兰[1] 孟献亚[1] 白生录[1] 陈黎林[1] 周昕[1] 鲁青[1] 沈洪婷[1] 何多龙[1] 马静[1] 魏生英[1] 张强[1] Pu Guanglan;Meng Xianya;Bai Shenglu;Chen Lilin;Zhou Xin;Lu Qing;Shen Hongting;He Duolong;Ma Jing;Wei Shengying;Zhang Qiang(Department of Endemic Disease,Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control,Xining 811602, China)

机构地区：[1]青海省地方病预防控制所地方病预防控制科,西宁811602

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2019年第1期50-53,共4页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

摘　　要：目的 了解青海省互助县饮水型氟中毒病区改水工程运行情况及病情变化趋势,评价防控措施效果。 方法 2017年,选择互助县7个乡(镇)、60个饮水型氟中毒历史病区村作为调查点,调查病区村人口学资料。对已改水的病区村,调查改水工程运转情况,并采集1份末梢水水样测定水氟含量;对尚未改水的病区村,按照东、西、南、北、中5个方位在饮用水源各采集1份水样,测定水氟含量。对调查村90%以上的8-12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查。根据历史资料,选出儿童病情较重的1个病区村,选择25岁及以上且在当地居住5年以上人群50人,进行氟骨症临床和X线检查,同时采集尿样,进行尿氟含量的检测。 结果 7个乡(镇)、60个病区村中6个村已搬迁,截止2017年历史饮水型氟中毒病区村为54个,54个病区村已全部改水。共调查改水工程16个,其中小型改水工程6个,占37.50%,大型改水工程10个,占62.50%;正常运转工程16个,占100.00%;水氟含量合格工程16个,合格率为100.00%,水氟含量范围为0.10-0.66 mg/L,覆盖人口16.084 6万人。共检查8-12岁儿童2 399人,检出氟斑牙患者117例,检出率为4.88%,氟斑牙指数为0.13。其中极轻度89例,占3.71%;轻度21例,占0.88%;中度7例,占0.29%;无重度病例。25岁及以上成人氟骨症临床检查68人,检出轻度氟骨症12人,检出率为17.65%;X线拍片检查46人,检出轻度1人,检出率为2.17%;临床和X线检查均未检出中度及以上氟骨症患者。检测成人尿样50份,尿氟几何均数为0.72 mg/L。 结论 互助县改水工程运行良好,无重度儿童氟斑牙和成人氟骨症患者,饮水型氟中毒防治工作成效显著,应继续加强改水工程与病情监测,彻底控制饮水型氟中毒流行。Objective To dynamic monitor drinking-water-borne fluorosis in Huzhu County and water improvement projects, to know the trend of the disease, and to evaluate the effect of prevention and control measures. Methods Seven townships in Huzhu County including 60 history drinking-water-borne fluorosis villages were selected as investigation sites in 2017, and demographic data were collected. In the villages of the diseased areas where the water had been changed, the operation of the water improvement project was investigated, and 1 tap water sample was collected to determine the fluorine content;for the villages in the diseased areas where the water had not been changed, one water sample was collected from the drinking water source in accordance with the five directions of east, west, south, north and middle to determine the fluorine content. More than 90% of the children aged 8 - 12 years old in the surveyed villages were examined and judged for dental fluorosis. According to historical data, 1 village with severe illness of children was selected, 50 people were selected who were over 25 years old and lived in the villages for more than 5 years. Clinical and X-ray examinations of skeletal fluorosis were performed. Urine samples from adults surveyed were collected for urinary fluoride detection. Results Six of the 60 villages in the 7 townships had been relocated. By 2017, a total of 54 villages in drinking-water-borne fluorosis areas had changed their water. A total of 16 water improvement project were surveyed, among them, there were small water improvement project 6, accounting for 37.50%, large water improvement project 10, accounting for 62.50%;normal operated project 16, accounting for 100.00%;water fluoride content of qualified project 16, the qualified rate was 100.00%, the water fluoride content ranged 0.10 - 0.66 mg/L, covering a population of about 160 thousand and 846 people. A total of 2 399 children aged 8 - 12 were examined, 117 cases of dental fluorosis were detected, the detection rate of dental fluoro

关 键 词：氟中毒 牙 水 结果评价 

分 类 号：R599.1[医药卫生—内科学]