从常关到海关:九江在长江流域贸易地位的变迁  

From Native Custom to Maritime Custom:The Change of Trade Position of Jiujiang in Yangtze River Basin

作　　者：陈晓鸣[1] Chen Xiaoming

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,教授博士江西南昌330022

出　　处：《江西社会科学》2018年第12期121-129,256,共10页Jiangxi Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"从常关到海关:九江城市转型与鄱阳湖流域社会经济变迁研究(1450-1949)"(14BZS068);江西省社科重大委托项目"九江开埠与鄱阳湖流域社会经济变迁研究(1858-1949)"(15WTXD08)

摘　　要：九江从常关到海关,经历了明清时期因贩运贸易而兴起的国内商业化浪潮和晚清开始因中外交通而起的国际商业化浪潮。常关时期,全国的商品流通从明朝以运河为中轴的南北纵向贸易路线转为前清以长江流域为中心的东西横向路线。九江处在这两条商路的交接处,政府在此设关榷税,贸易地位不断上升,逐渐成为长江中下游货物流通的调剂中心。海关时期,随着五口通商和长江流域逐步开放,全国贸易格局发生根本性的变化。在长江流域,由于上海与汉口等贸易中心城市的崛起,九江的位势开始发生转变,从传统的货物调剂中心逐渐走向近代贸易的边缘,其关税额和贸易额在全国通商口岸中的比重呈下降趋势,开始其边缘化过程,这种角色的转换对九江乃至鄱阳湖流域城市经济社会的发展产生深刻的影响。From native custom to maritime custom, Jiujiang had experienced the wave of domestic commercialization caused by carrying trade in the Ming and Qing dynasties and the international commercialization due to the exchange between China and foreign countries in the late Qing Dynasty. During the period of Native Custom, the commodity circulation of the whole country changed from the northsouth vertical trade route with the canal as the central axis in the Ming Dynasty to the east-west horizontal route of the Yangtze river basin in the early Qing Dynasty. Jiujiang was located at the junction of these two commercial roads, where the government had set up native custom and began to collect taxes, and its trade position had been rising, then it had gradually become the center of the goods circulation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river. During the period of maritime custom, with the opening of five-ports and the gradual opening of the Yangtze River Basin, the national trade pattern changed fundamentally. In the Yangtze river basin, new trade center cities like Shanghai and Hankou’s rise made Jiujiang’s position change gradually from the traditional center of goods adjustment to the edge of modern trade, and the proportion of its revenue collection and trade volume in the national trade ports declined and began its marginalization process. This position shift posed a profound impact on the development of Jiujiang’s urban society.

关 键 词：九江 常关与海关 长江流域 贸易地位 

分 类 号：K29[历史地理—历史学]