2015年长三角地区三城市大气污染对成人急性呼吸系统疾病及症状的影响  

Effects of ambient air pollution on acute respiratory diseases and symptoms among adults in three cities in the Yangtze River Delta in 2015

作　　者：李成橙[1] 韩京秀[1] 李亚伟[1] 刘静怡[1] 孟聪申[1] 徐斌[2] 彭香红 李宁 于颖慧[5] 徐东群[1] Li Chengcheng;Han Jingxiu;Li Yawei;Peng Xianghong;Li Ning;Liu Jingyi;Meng Congshen;Xu Bin;Yu Yinghui;Xu Dongqun(National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China;Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing 210009,China;Liuhe District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing 210044,China;Jiangning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 211100,China;Zhangjiagang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhangjiagang 215600,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100050 [2]江苏省疾病预防控制中心,南京210009 [3]南京市六合区疾病预防控制分中心,南京210044 [4]南京市江宁区疾病预防控制中心,南京211100 [5]张家港市疾病预防控制中心,张家港215600

出　　处：《卫生研究》2019年第1期82-88,共7页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：公益性行业科研专项(No.201402022;201502003)

摘　　要：目的了解长三角地区大气污染对成人急性呼吸系统疾病及症状的影响。方法 2015年9—11月,在长三角地区的上海、苏州和南京三个城市的4个调查点随机整群抽取4144名年龄大于18岁的常住居民进行问卷调查,同时收集距离调查点最近的环保监测站点的每日PM_(2.5)、NO_2、O_3、CO、SO_2等5种大气污染物的浓度数据,采用Logistic回归模型分析排除了其他因素的影响后大气污染对成人急性呼吸系统疾病及症状的影响。结果成人近两周急性呼吸系统疾病患病率为0.99%,近两周呼吸系统症状发生率较患病率高,为3.88%。家里使用跟空气污染相关的化学品(OR=2.339,95%CI 1.156～4.734)、过敏(OR=4.857,95%CI 2.279～10.350)是成人近两周急性呼吸系统疾病患病的危险因素;从事的岗位存在有毒化学品、高温等职业有害因素(OR=1.796,95%CI 1.220～2.644)、有呼吸系统疾病家族史(OR=2.670,95%CI 1.865～3.823)、过敏(OR=3.703,95%CI 2.395～5.725)是成人近两周呼吸系统症状发生的危险因素。此外,在排除其他因素的影响后发现,近两周PM_(2.5)的平均暴露水平既是成人近两周患急性呼吸系统疾病患病的危险因素(OR=1.014,95%CI 1.000～1.028),也是成人近两周呼吸系统症状发生的危险因素(OR=1.025,95%CI 1.018～1.033)。结论长三角地区大气污染可能会使成人近两周急性呼吸系统患病和症状的发生风险增加。OBJECTIVE To understand the effects of ambient air pollution on the prevalence of acute respiratory diseases and symptoms among adults in three cities in the Yangtze River Delta.METHODS During September to November 2015,4144 permanent residents aged 18 years and above from four investigation sites in three cities in the Yangtze River Delta were randomly surveyed by questionnaire.Daily concentrations of air pollutants,including PM2.5,NO2、O3、CO and SO2 nearest to the investigation sites were collected from the department of environmental protection.Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between air pollution and acute respiratory diseases and symptoms after other risk factors were adjusted.RESULTS The prevalence of acute respiratory diseases and symptoms in two weeks among adults were 0.99% and 3.88%, respectively.Chemicals related to air pollution (OR =2.339,95%CI 1.156-4.734)and allergy (OR=4.857,95%CI 2.279-10.350)were the risk factors of acute respiratory diseases in two weeks among adults while occupational hazards such as toxic chemicals and high temperature (OR =1.796,95% CI 1.220 -2.644),family history of respiratory diseases (OR =2.670,95%CI 1.865-3.823 )and allergy (OR =3.703,95 %CI 2.395- 5.725)were the risk factor of respiratory symptoms in two weeks among adults.In addition,the average exposure level of PM2.sin two weeks was associated with acute respiratory diseases (OR =1.014,95%CI 1.000-1.028)and symptoms (OR =1.025, 95%CI 1.018-1.033)in two weeks among adults.CONCLUSION The increases of the prevalence of acute respiratory diseases and symptoms among adults are associated with ambient air pollution in three cities in the Yangtze River Delta.

关 键 词：大气污染 呼吸系统 成人 

分 类 号：R56[医药卫生—呼吸系统] X510.31[医药卫生—内科学]