论合同漏洞及其补充  

On Contract Gaps and its Alleviation

作　　者：崔建远[1] Cui Jianyuan

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2018年第6期1449-1472,共24页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重点项目<法学方法论与中国民商法研究>(项目编号:13AZD065);清华大学自主科研计划课题<中国民法典编纂重大理论问题研究>(项目编号:2015THZWJC01)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：合同漏洞补充是一种特殊的合同解释方法。合同漏洞有狭义和广义之分,由于狭义的合同漏洞确定性较强,其补充方法也可用于广义的合同漏洞,故在此仅讨论前者。合同漏洞往往因当事人应约定而未约定产生。构成合同漏洞,必须同时违反合同计划和具备不圆满性。补充合同漏洞,首先由当事人以协议为之。协议不成时,由裁判者寻觅合适的强制性规定、任意性规定、倡导性规定,包括《合同法》分则、《合同法》第61、62条等予以填补。若如此操作不合适,则应采用补充的合同解释填补合同漏洞。各合同漏洞补充方法适用有顺序先后,以及例外情形。交易习惯亦为补充合同漏洞时应考虑的因素,至于其为独立的补充合同漏洞的方法还是归属于补充的合同解释,均不无道理。在运用具体的补充合同漏洞的方法之后,还应基于诚信和公平二项原则,在总体上作最后的审视、权衡,力求妥实。The filling of contract gaps is a special way of interpreting contracts.Contract gaps have a narrow definition and broad definition.Because of the certainty of the narrow definition of contract gaps and since some methods to fill such gaps can also be used for broad contract gaps,only the former is discussed here.To be defined as a contract gap,it must violate the contract plan and entertain incom pleteness.The contract gaps will happen due to issues that should have been agreed by parties in the contract.To fill a contract gap,firstly we accept a follow-up agreement from the parties.When the agreement is not made,the judge will seek appropriate mandatory rules,arbitrary rules or advocacy rules,including the rules of specific contracts in "China Contract Law" ,Article 61,62 of "China Contract Law" .If the above operations are not suitable,a supplementary contractual interpretation should be used to fill the gaps.The mentioned methods of gaps filling have a sequence of applying,ae well as exceptions.Trading habits are also factors that should be considered,which can be seen as an independent method of filling contractual gaps or part of the supplementary contractual interpretation.After applying specific methods to fill contractual gaps,final review and trade-off based on the principle of good faith and fairness should be applied,in order to achieve the most appropriate solution.

关 键 词：合同漏洞 补充 不圆满性 补充的合同解释 推定解释 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]