权力的圣礼:宪法宣誓的意义  

The Sacrament of Power: An Exposition of the Normative Meanings of Constitutional Oath-taking in China

作　　者：陈端洪[1] Chen Duanhong

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院、宪法与行政法研究中心

出　　处：《中外法学》2018年第6期1492-1518,共27页Peking University Law Journal

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“宪法视野下的代表理论研究”(项目编号:15JJ820002)的阶段性成果.

摘　　要：在规范层面,谈宪法宣誓就是谈宪法忠诚。国家是一个建立在忠诚的道德原则基础上的存在实体,只有在存在的意义上才能真正理解国家的本质,也才能理解政治忠诚的意义。不同的国家形态,其政治忠诚的模式不同,现代立宪国家的政治忠诚集中体现为宪法忠诚。除非宪法成为国家的公民宗教,否则共和国就不具有最有力的精神纽带。宪法宣誓被普遍用于保证宪法忠诚,因为宣誓是一种神圣的言语行为,其神秘的力量和功效蕴藏在誓言的结构之中。宪法宣誓是宪法信仰的一个仪式。我国宪法宣誓制度的实行可视为我国宪法文化的一个突破,意味着权力仰赖人民的赐福,显示了权力温顺的一面。This paper attempts to explicate the normative meanings of the constitutional oath-taking,which was newly established in China.In the normative sense,to speak of constitutional oath is to speak of constitutional loyalty.This paper puts forward the following four propositions in a logically progressive manner:First,the nature of the state and its moral basis of political loyalty can only be really understood and appreciated in the existential sense.Second,the models of political loyalty vary with the forms of state.In the modern representative democracy,political loyalty is embodied in constitutional loyalty.Third,unless the constitution is turned into its civil religion,the republic is lacking in spiritual bond.Fourth,the constitutional oath is globally taken as a guarantee of constitutional loyalty,for it is a sacred linguistic act of mystical power which is embedded in its linguistic structure.Therefore,as a ritual of constitutional faith,the practice of constitutional oath–taking in China signifies a significant change of its constitutional culture.It reveals the possibility of the taming of power.

关 键 词：国家忠诚 公民宗教 宪法宣誓 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]