基于集中收获的新型棉花群体结构  

New Grouped Harvesting-Based Population Structures of Cotton

作　　者：董合忠[1] 张艳军[1] 张冬梅[1] 代建龙[1] 张旺锋[2] DONG HeZhong;ZHANG YanJun;ZHANG DongMei;DAI JianLong;ZHANG WangFeng(Cotton Research Center,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100;Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003,Xijiang)

机构地区：[1]山东棉花研究中心,济南250100 [2]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2018年第24期4615-4624,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31771718);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-15-15);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2016B05;CXGC2018E06)

摘　　要：构建合理群体结构是实现棉花高产优质高效的重要栽培学基础。我国传统棉花群体结构主要有"高密小株类型"、"中密中株类型"和"稀植大株类型"3种,分别在西北内陆棉区、黄河流域棉区和长江流域棉区广泛应用,为实现棉花高产稳产发挥了重要作用。但进入新时期,传统群体结构不利于集中收获和提质增效的弊端凸显,探索新型棉花群体结构成为新时期棉花栽培学的重要研究内容。本文简要评述了传统棉花群体结构的主要特征和弊端;基于新时期轻简节本、提质增效的需要,提出了建立"降密健株型"、"增密壮株型"和"直密矮株型"3种适于集中收获的新型棉花群体结构替代传统群体结构的观点。在此基础上,重点论述了3种新型群体结构的主要指标和调控技术,对新型棉花群体结构的研究与发展趋势进行了展望。The construction of rational population structures is an important cultivation basis to achieve high yield and quality of cotton. ‘Small-sized plant under high plant density’, ‘moderate-sized plant under moderate plant density’ and ‘large-sized plant under low plant density’ are three types of traditional cotton population structures in China, which have been widely used in China’s major cotton planting regions of Northwest inland, Yellow River and Yangtze River valley, respectively, and have played key roles in achieving stable and high yields of cotton in the nation. However, in the new era of cotton industry development, there occur such disadvantages that the traditional population structures are not suitable for grouped harvesting as well as both fiber quality and production efficiency improvements. The exploration of new population structures has become an important approach in the new period of cotton cultivation. In this paper, we concisely reviewed the main features and the disadvantages of traditional population structures. Based on the needs of light and cost-saving cultivation as well as quality improving and efficiency increasing in the new era, it was suggested that constructing 3 new types of population structures adapted to grouped harvesting, ‘reduced plant density with healthy plants’, ‘increased plant density with robust plants’, and ‘direct seeding and close planting with short plants’ to substitute the three traditional structures. On this basis, the key indicators and regulation technologies of the 3 new population structures were mainly discussed, and the future development of the new population structures both in research and practice were also prospected.

关 键 词：棉花 群体结构 株型 集中收获 轻简化植棉 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]