回到亚当·斯密:法律经济学的古典起源  

Back to Adam Smith: the classical origin of legal economics

作　　者：李井奎 Li Jingkui

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学经济学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《东岳论丛》2019年第2期53-62,191,192,共12页DongYue Tribune

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目"大卫.刘易斯的惯例理论及其对当代经济学制度分析的影响研究"(项目批准号:18BJ010)

摘　　要：本文对亚当·斯密及其先辈对法律制度的古典政治经济学体系的构建进行思想史的追溯,从而得到如下的启示:古典经济学家理解法律以及司法制度的演化和作用,是着眼于商业社会的性质与发展来落笔的。在这种演化的过程中,商业社会的法律以及司法制度是由对商业和制造业的发展之维护而逐渐被需要出来的,然后通过在城乡之间的劳动分工,而逐渐由城市扩及到农村地区,实现普遍的良好的政府治理秩序。反观当代法律经济学的定义与发展,我们可以看出当代法律经济学的主要着眼点,在于从科学的立场、乃至实证的角度,寻找最优的法律体系建立,或者检验既有法律的效率高低。这当然是值得肯定的科学方法的应用与推广,但是,却也使得法律经济学在思考的深度以及对复杂的社会经济生活之穿透力上尚且有所欠缺。因此,当代法律经济学亟需从启蒙运动以来的诸位先哲中汲取更多思想的力量,为一个更为深远的基于生产的制度框架下的法律研究提供持续发展的动力。This paper traces the history of Adam Simth and his predecessors'construction of classical political economy system of the legal system and gets the following enlightenment:the classical economists understood the evolution and function of law and judicial system in terms of the nature and development of commercial society.In this process of evolution,the law and the judicial,system of commercial society were gradually developed to meet the need to maintain the development of.the .business and manufacturing industry and then expanded to rural areas from urban areas by the division of labor between urban and rural areas,so as to achieve a universal and good government order.In view of the definition and development of contemporary legal economics,it concentrates on finding the best legal system or testing the efficiency of existing law from the scientific standpoint and even the positive point of view.This is a valuable application and promotion of scientific methods.However;it makes legal economics weak in deeply explaining the complex social and economic life.Therefore,it is imperative for contemporary legal economics to draw more ideas from philosophers since the enlightenment and provide lasting impetus for the legal research under the institutional framework based on production.

关 键 词：自然自由 自然法理学 商业社会 看不见的手 法律经济学 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] D9[政治法律—法学]