沃尔巴克氏体应用于蚊媒病控制的研究概况  

Application of Wolbachia in the control of mosquito-borne diseases

作　　者：魏勇 郑学礼 WEI Yong;ZHENG Xue -li(Department of Pathogen Biology,School of Public Health,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou ,Guangdong 510515,China)

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学公共卫生学院病原生物学系,广东广州510515

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2019年第3期517-521,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(NO:31630011);广东省自然科学基金(NO:2017A030313625);广州市科技计划项目(NO:201804020084)

摘　　要：蚊媒病每年均会造成人类大量的病例数或死亡人数,例如登革热、疟疾、流行性乙型脑炎、西尼罗河病毒病和基孔肯雅热等。全球气候变暖、交通的快速便捷和人类旅游活动的增加,促使蚊虫在全球范围的快速扩张,从而易导致蚊媒病的暴发流行及传播扩散。目前因缺乏蚊媒病相应的高效疫苗,且传统化学杀虫剂的蚊媒控制方法造成了抗药性蚊虫的产生及对环境造成污染等问题,所以经济环保可持续的防治方法成为了研究热点。沃尔巴克氏体(Wolbachia)可诱导两性配子结合时的胞质不亲和从而控制蚊虫种群数量,还可抑制蚊媒病毒增殖,在生物防治方面具有经济环保可持续等优点,已成为部分国家蚊媒及蚊媒病的防治策略。本文主要对Wolbachia的分型、人工转染、传播扩散特征、对蚊媒生殖和抗病毒的影响及其应用于实践的研究现状进行综述。Mosquito-borne diseases cause a large number of human cases or deaths each year,such as dengue fever,malaria,Japanese B encephalitis,West Nile virus disease and Chikungunya fever. Global warming,rapid and convenient transportation,and increased human tourism activities have prompted the rapid expansion of mosquitoes around the world,which can easily lead to the outbreak and spread of mosquito-borne diseases. There is currently a lack of efficient vaccines for mosquito-borne diseases,and the mosquito control methods of traditional chemical insecticides have caused some problems such as the drug-resistant mosquitoes and the environment pollution. Therefore,the sustainable economic and environment-friendly control methods have become research hotspots. Wolbachia can not only induce cytoplasmic incompatibility during the fusion of male and female gametes,which helps to control the population of mosquitoes but also inhibit the proliferation of mosquito-borne viruses,being economical,environmentally friendly and sustainable in biological control. It has been applied to the prevention and control strategy of mosquito and mosquito-borne diseases in some countries. This paper reviews the Wolbachia ’s classification,artificial transfection,characteristics of propagation and diffusion,effects on the mosquito reproduction and antivirus,and its application in practice.

关 键 词：沃尔巴克氏体 蚊媒病 生物防治 

分 类 号：R117[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]