2017年陕西省农村饮水安全工程水质卫生状况分析  

Sanitary condition of rural drinking water safety projects in Shanxi,2017

作　　者：孟昭伟[1] 张同军[1] 郑晶利 常锋[1] MENG Zhao -wei;ZHANG Tong -jun;ZHENG Jing -li;CHANG Feng(Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xian,Shanxi 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2019年第3期558-562,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：陕西省公共卫生检测监测服务平台(2016FWPT-12)

摘　　要：目的掌握影响陕西省农村饮水安全工程水质卫生状况的因素,为提升农村饮水安全制定相关政策措施提供科学依据。方法对陕西省全部涉农区县的1 495处农村饮水安全工程开展卫生学调查和水质分析。按照关中平原、秦巴山区和陕北高原分别分析可能影响农村饮水水质的因素。结果关中平原、秦巴山区和陕北高原3个区域工程消毒措施配备率均低于40. 00%,且按照要求使用率低于15. 00%;关中平原水样达标率(70. 76%),高于秦巴山区(35. 57%)与陕北高原(28. 79%);关中平原总大肠菌群的达标率(82. 23%)高于秦巴山区(36. 75%)和陕北高原(53. 93%)(P <0. 05);关中平原达标率较低的指标包括氟化物(95. 23%)和六价铬(96. 33%);陕北高原达标率较低的指标依次为硫酸盐(87. 53%)、氟化物(89. 39%)、六价铬(89. 74%)、硝酸盐氮(92. 36%)和总硬度(92. 70%)。结论微生物指标是主要超标指标,局部区域氟化物和六价铬超标严重,应当因地制宜的采取措施巩固提升农村饮水水质。Objective To understand the sanitary status of rural drinking water safety projects in different regions of Shaanxi,so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating relevant policies and measures for improving rural drinking water safety. Methods Sanitary survey and water quality analysis were carried out on 1 495 rural drinking water safety projects in all agriculture-related counties and counties in Shanxi Province. According to the central,southern,and northern regions,the factors that may affect the drinking water quality of rural areas were analyzed. Results The rural drinking water safety projects with disinfection measures in the central,southern,and northern regions were below 40. 00%,and the utilization rates of disinfection equipment were below 15. 00%. The attainment rate of drinking water in central region was 70. 76%,which was significantly higher than that in the southern( 35. 57%) and northern( 28. 79%) regions( P < 0. 05). The qualified rate of total coliforms was 83. 23% in the central region,which was significantly higher than that in the southern( 36. 75%) and northern( 53. 93%) regions( P <0. 05). The qualified rate of fluoride and hexavalent chromium in the water of central region was 95. 23% and 96. 33%. The indexes of the low qualified rate in the northern region were sulfate( 87. 53%),fluoride( 89. 39%),hexavalent chromium( 89. 74%),nitrate nitrogen( 92. 36%),and total hardness( 92. 70%). Conclusion In rural areas,the main factor affecting the water quality of rural drinking water safety projects is microorganism pollution. The local fluoride and hexavalent chromium are serious. The measures should be taken according to local conditions to consolidate and improve the drinking water quality in rural areas.

关 键 词：农村 水质 卫生状况 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]