基于FDR原理的冻土测量方法  

A Method for Measuring Frozen Soil Based on Frequency Domain Reflectometry Principle

作　　者：陈海波[1,2] 李鹏[3] 李翠娜[1,4] 师丽魁[1,2] 谢婷婷 余国河 Chen Haibo;Li Peng;Li Cuina;Shi Likui;Xie Tingting;Yu Guohe(CMA.Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorologieal Ensuring and Applied Technique,Zhengzhou 450003;Henan Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Zhengzhou 450003;The 27th Institute,China Electronics Technology Group Corporation,Zhengzhou 450047;CMA Meteorological Observation Centre,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室,郑州450003 [2]河南省气象科学研究所,郑州450003 [3]中国电子科技集团公司第27研究所,郑州450047 [4]中国气象局气象探测中心,北京100081

出　　处：《气象科技》2018年第6期1081-1086,共6页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：中国气象局河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室开放研究基金项目(AMF201603);河南省气象局项目(KM201715;KM201815);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106042)资助

摘　　要：在我国地面气象观测中,冻土的自动观测一直未能实现,为了解决这一问题,本文基于频域反射(Frequency Domain Reflectometry,FDR)测量原理,通过测量土壤介电常数变化实现冻土测量的方法,设计了一种基于平面电容传感器分层检测冻土的传感器,土壤冻结时,其内部水分会相变为冰,水的介电常数远大于冰,利用水冻结相变后引起介电常数急剧变化的特性,建立了基于土壤介电常数、地温反演冻土的数学模型,并进行了典型土壤实验室冻结试验及外场对比观测试验,结果表明:冻土传感器能正确分辨土壤冻结状态,测量数据与人工观测趋势一致,相关系数可达0.99以上,平均测量误差小于3cm,基于介电特性的冻土传感器可以准确连续测量土壤的冻结深度及其生消变化。In meteorological observation projects,the automatic observation of frozen soil has not been realized.In order to solve this problem,this paper presents a method for measuring frozen soil by means of the changes of soil dielectric constant,based on the planar capacitive sensor.When the soil is frozen,the internal moisture will turn into ice,and for the dielectric constant of water is much larger than that of ice,the dielectric constant changes drastically after water freezing(phase transformation).Based on the characteristic of soil dielectric constant and ground temperature,the mathematical model to retrieve frozen soil is established,and a typical soil laboratory freezing test is carried out.The field comparison test results show that the frozen soil sensor can correctly distinguish the soil freezing state;the measured data and manual observation are of the same trend;the correlation coefficient is up over 0.99;the average measurement error is less than 3 cm.The sensor based on the dielectric characteristics of the frozen soil can accurately and continuously measure the soil freezing depth and various changes.

关 键 词：冻土 观测 介电常数 未冻水 FDR 

分 类 号：P412[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] TP212[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]