重庆市北碚区0～6岁儿童水痘及突破病例流行特征  

Epidemiological characteristics of varicella and breakthrough cases in children aged 0～6 years in Beibei district of Chongqing city

作　　者：朱丽霞[1] 刘玉梅[1] 周光华[1] 周永超[1] ZHU Li-xia;LIU Yu-mei;ZHOU Guang-hua;ZHOU Yong-chao(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Beibei District,Chongqing 400700,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市北碚区疾病预防控制中心,重庆400700

出　　处：《热带医学杂志》2019年第1期99-102,共4页Journal of Tropical Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析重庆市北碚区0～6岁儿童水痘流行特征及突破病例分布,评估1剂次水痘疫苗接种对发病的影响,为完善水痘免疫程序提供依据。方法以描述性流行病学方法分析2015-2017年北碚区0～6岁儿童水痘发病水平及突破病例分布特征。结果 2015-2017年北碚区共报告水痘病例2 119例,病例以学生和幼托儿童为主,共占80.56%(1 707/2 119),其中0～6岁病例640人,发病率636.36/10万,并呈现随年龄增长发病率先下降后上升趋势。其间共发现突破病例217人,占接种史明确儿童病例总数的49.77%(217/436),突破病例中4～6岁占81.11%(176/217),其年龄分布与非突破病例相比,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=21.943 2,P<0.05);突破病例从接种至发病平均间隔(3.75±1.37)年,接种后<3年发病的占24.42%(53/217),≥3年发病的占75.58%(164/217)。结论接种1剂次疫苗后,5岁及以上儿童水痘发病风险仍较高,1剂次疫苗对儿童的保护不足,建议提高儿童水痘疫苗接种率,并在学龄前开展第2剂次疫苗接种,减少幼托机构和学校暴发风险。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characters of varicella and breakthrough cases aged 0~6 years in Beibei district in Chongqing, and provide evidence for varicella prevention and control. Method Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence of varicella and the distribution of breakthrough cases in children aged 0~6 years in Beibei district from 2015 to 2017. Results In 2015-2017, the middle school students or young children in the Beibei district accounted for 80.56% of total varicella cases( 1 707/2 119), of which 640 were from 0 to 6 years old, the incidence rate was 636.36/100 000, and the incidence increased with age and then increased, trend. In the meantime, a total of 217 breakthrough cases were found, accounting for 49.77%(217/436) of the total number of children with vaccination history, and 81.11%( 176/217) of the breakthrough cases were 4 to 6 years old. The age distribution was compared with non-breakthrough cases. The difference was statistically significant(χ^2=21.943 2, P<0.05). The average interval from inoculation to onset was(3.75± 1.37) years. After inoculation, the incidence of <3 years was 24.42%(53/217),and the incidence of ≥3 years was 75.58%( 164/217). Conclusions 1-dose vaccine is insufficient to prevent varicella for the children over 5 years old with high exposure risk. A second dose of varicella vaccine in preschoolers is recommended before entering primary school.

关 键 词：水痘 突破病例 发病率 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学]