中亚成矿域斑岩大规模成矿特征:大地构造背景、流体作用与成矿深部动力学机制  

Large-scale porphyry-type mineralization in the Central Asian metallogenic domain:tectonic background,fluid feature and metallogenic deep dynamic mechanism

作　　者：高俊[1,2,3] 朱明田 王信水[1,2] 洪涛 李光明[1,2] 李继磊[1,2] 肖文交[1,2,3] 秦克章[1,2,3] 曾庆栋 申萍[1,2,3] 徐兴旺 张招崇[4] 周建波 赖勇[6] 张晓晖 孙景贵[5] 万博 王博[7] GAO Jun;ZHU Mingtian;WANG Xinshui;HONG Tao;LI Guangming;LI Jilei;XIAO Wenjiao;QIN Kezhang;ZENG Qingdong;SHEN Ping;XU Xingwang;ZHANG Zhaochong;ZHOU Jianbo;LAI Yong;ZHANG Xiaohui;SUN Jinggui;WAN Bo;WANG Bo(Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing ,100029;Institutions of Earth Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences ,Beijing ,100029;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences ,Beijing ,100049;State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources ,China University of Geosciences ,Beijing ,100083;College of Earth Sciences ,Jilin University,Changchun,130061;School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University ,Beijing 100871;School of Earth Sciences and Engineering ,Nanjing University ,Nanjing,210023)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [2]中国科学院地球科学研究院,北京100029 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [5]吉林大学地球科学学院,长春130061 [6]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871 [7]南京大学地球科学与工程学院,南京210046

出　　处：《地质学报》2019年第1期24-71,共48页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号41390440;41390445和41025008)资助的成果

摘　　要：中亚成矿域夹持于西伯利亚、东欧和塔里木-华北克拉通之间,展布范围与全球显生宙大陆地壳生长最典型的增生型造山带——中亚造山带相当,并产出一系列大型—超大型斑岩铜(-金)、斑岩钼及斑岩铜(-钼)矿床。斑岩成矿作用自西向东存在明显差异,可高度概括为具‘西铜东钼、早铜晚钼’特征。基于前寒武纪基底性质、成矿大地构造背景以及斑岩成矿特征方面的系统综合研究,以重要构造线为界,将成矿域进一步划分为三个成矿省:哈萨克斯坦斑岩Cu(-Au-Mo)、蒙古斑岩Cu(-Au)和中国东北斑岩Mo(-Cu)成矿省。哈萨克斯坦成矿省具新太古—古元古代结晶基底;四个大型斑岩Cu矿床形成于早古生代增生造山过程(481~440Ma),而绝大多数矿床为晚石炭世(330~295Ma)集中爆发成矿的产物。古亚洲洋西段,沿我国中天山—伊犁南缘—吉尔吉斯北天山—中哈萨克斯坦—科克切塔夫至成吉思线性展布的古生代岩浆弧与哈萨克斯坦山弯构造共同制约了斑岩成矿作用;增生造山向山弯构造的转换阶段为斑岩集中成矿期。蒙古斑岩成矿省亦具新太古代—早古元古代结晶基底;斑岩成矿作用主要发生在泥盆纪(~370Ma)和三叠纪(~240Ma)两个时期,为图瓦-蒙古山弯构造演化过程中两个局部时段的突发成矿;早期成矿事件与古亚洲洋体系向南戈壁微地块下的俯冲增生造山有关,晚期成矿可能是蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋俯冲作用的结果。中国东北斑岩成矿省广泛发育新元古代结晶基底和泛非事件岩石学记录;奥陶纪(482~440Ma)斑岩成矿受控于古亚洲洋早古生代时期俯冲增生作用;而中生代斑岩钼集中爆发成矿则分别受控于古亚洲洋体系后碰撞(~250Ma)、蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋体系同俯冲(248~204Ma)、古太平洋体系同俯冲(195~145Ma)及中国东部岩石圈减薄事件(145~106Ma)不同地球动力学体制。成矿流体方面总体而论,中亚�A series of porphyry-type Cu(-Au),Mo,and Cu(-Mo)deposits occur in the Central Asian metallogenic domain(CAMD),the outline of which almost overlaps with that of the most typical accretionary orogenic belt with Phanerozoic crustal growth in the world-the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)and is located between the East Europe,Siberia,Tarim and North China cratons.The characteristics of porphyry-type mineralization in the CAMD vary distinctly from the west to the east and can be summarized as having the feature of "Paleozoic copper deposits occurring in the western segment and Mesozoic molybdenum deposits in the east".On the basis of the systematic studies on Precambrian basements,metallogenic tectonic backgrounds and porphyry-type mineralization characteristics,the CAMD can be subdivided into three metallogenic provinces according to tectonic line boundaries:the Kazakhstan Cu(-Au-Mo),the Mongolia Cu(-Au)and the Northeast China Mo(-Cu)metallogenic provinces.The Kazakhstan metallogenic province has definite Neo-Archean to Paleo-Proterozoic crystalline basements.And,four large-sized porphyry Cu deposits were formed during the Early Paleozoic accretionary orogenic process(481 to 440 Ma).However,most of deposits were produced by the Late Carboniferous(~330 to 295 Ma)clustering mineralization.The porphyry-type metallogenesis was dominated by the linear Paleozoic magmatic arc system extending from the Chinese Central Tianshan-Southern Yili-Kyrgyz Northern Tianshan-Central Kazakhstan-Kokchetav to Chingiz and the Kazakhstan orocline tectonic jointly in the western segment of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.The clustering porphyry-type mineralization occurred during the transformation from the accretionary orogeny to the oroclinal bending.The^370 Ma and^240 Ma porphyry-type mineralization of the Mongolia metallogenic province,which also has Neo-Archean to Paleo-Proterozoic crystalline basements,sporadically and locally happened during the evolution of the Tuva-Mongolia orocline.The earlier mineralization is related to the subductional

关 键 词：中亚成矿域 斑岩大规模成矿 大地构造背景 流体作用特征 成矿深部机制 

分 类 号：P611[天文地球—矿床学]