拟除虫菊酯类农药在海棠果及其土壤中的残留降解动态  

Residues and Degradation Dynamics of Pyrethroid Pesticides in Plum Leaf Crab and Soil

作　　者：杨璐[1,2] 廖享 虞游毅 程平 李宏[1,2] YANG Lu;LIAO Xiang;YU You-yi;CHENG Ping;LI Hong(Xinjiang Academy of Forest,Urumqi 830000,China;State Forestry Administration Economic Forest Products Quality Inspection and Testing Center,Urumqi 830000,China;College of Geography and Tourism,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆林业科学院,乌鲁木齐830000 [2]国家林业局经济林产品质量检验检测中心(乌鲁木齐),乌鲁木齐830000 [3]新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《农药》2019年第1期40-44,共5页Agrochemicals

基　　金：自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费资助项目(KY201521);新疆林业科技专项(XLK 2014-049)

摘　　要：[目的]研究高效氯氟氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氯氰菊酯3种拟除虫菊酯类农药在海棠果果实、叶片和土壤整个生长系统中的残留降解动态,评估其膳食摄入风险商值。[方法]采用高浓度(1∶1000)施药2次(T_1)、高浓度施药1次(T_2)、低浓度(1∶2000)施药2次(T_3),低浓度施药1次(T_4) 4个处理方法,多次施药,多次采样,于第2次施药后1 h,1、3、5、7、9、14、21、28、35 d采取海棠果果实、叶片和土壤样本。[结果] 3种农药在海棠果果实、叶片和土壤中的残留降解动态均符合一级动力学降解方程,3种农药在海棠果果实、叶片和土壤中的残留量均是叶片>果实>土壤,初始残留量均是T_1>T_2>T_3>T_4;3种农药残留量随喷施剂量的增加而增加、随喷药次数的增加而增加,半衰期随喷施剂量的增加而增长,随喷药次数的增加而增长,T_1、T_2、T_3、T_4处理,3种农药的半衰期分别为9.9～34.7、9.9～34.7、7.7～17.3、6.3～13.9 d;施药后第21天,3种农药的残留量均低于其MRL值,施药第35天,3种农药在海棠果果实、叶片、土壤中的降解率均大于61.32%。[结论]按照推荐浓度1:2000倍液及推荐浓度2倍浓度1∶1000倍施药,不会引发膳食安全问题,风险商值小于69.35%,处于人群可接受的健康风险范围内。[Aims] The aims were to research on the residues and degradation dynamics of lambda-cyhalothrin,fenvalerate and cypermethrin in the plum leaf crab fruit, leaf and soil, as wellas assess the risk quotient of dietary intake.[Methods] With high concentration(1∶1000) of spraying 2 times(T1), high concentration of spraying 1 time(T2), low concentration(1∶2000) of spraying 2 times(T3) and low concentration of spraying 1 times(T4) 4 processing methods,multiple application and multiple sampling. After the application of 1 h, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 14, 21, 28, 35 d, plum leaf crab fruit, leaf and soil samples were taken. [Results] The results showed that the degradation dynamics of the 3 pesticides in plum leaf crab fruit, leaf and soil were in accordance with the first order kinetic degradation equation. The residues of 3kinds of pesticides in plum leaf crab fruit, leaf and soil were all leaf > fruit > soil. The original residues were all T1> T2>T3> T4. The 3 pesticide residues increased with the increase of spraying dose, and increased with the increase of spraying times. The half-life increased with the increase of spraying dose, and increased with the increase of spraying times. With T1, T2, T3, and T4 processing, the half-life of the 3 pesticides were 9.9-34.7, 9.9-34.7, 7.7-17.3 and6.3-13.9 d, respectively. After spraying 21 days, the residue of 3 pesticides was lower than that of its MRL, and after spraying 35 days the degradation rates of 3 pesticides in plum leaf crab fruit, leaf and soil were all more than 61.32%.[Conclusions] According to the recommended concentration(1∶2000) and the recommended concentration 2 times(1∶1000)will not cause the dietary safety problem. The risk quotient is less than 69.35% and is within the acceptable health risk of the crowd.

关 键 词：拟除虫菊酯类农药 海棠果 降解动态 膳食风险评估 

分 类 号：TQ450.2[化学工程—农药化工]