精胺和亚精胺引发对超甜玉米不同成熟度种子萌发质量的影响  

Effects of spermine and spermidine priming on the germination quality of supersweet corn seeds with different maturity levels

作　　者：曹栋栋[1,4] 黄玉韬 秦叶波 罗英 关亚静 胡晋[2] CAO Dong-Dong;HUANG Yu-Tao;QIN Ye-Bo;LUO Ying;GUAN Ya-Jing;HU Jin(Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science,Hangzhou 310021, China;Seed Science Center,College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Crop Management Bureau,Agricultural Department of Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 310020,China;Huzhou Keao Seed Company Co.Ltd,Huzhou,Zhejiang 313000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院,作物与核技术利用研究所,杭州310021 [2]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院,种子科学中心,杭州310058 [3]浙江省种植业管理局,杭州310020 [4]湖州科奥种业有限公司,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2018年第12期1829-1838,共10页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0100900和2018YFD-0100800);国家自然科学基金(31671774);浙江大学大北农学科发展和人才培养基金;江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心项目~~.

摘　　要：种子质量低下严重影响了甜玉米种子的发芽率和成苗,甚至降低产量。本研究选用0.1 mmol·L^(-1)和0.5mmol·L^(-1)亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)作为引发剂,研究了其对不同成熟度超甜玉米种子萌发质量和萌发后幼苗质量的影响。结果表明,与2个对照相比, 0.1 mmol·L^(-1)和0.5 mmol·L^(-1) Spm处理显著提高了授粉后18、22、26和30 d种子的发芽率和发芽势,与未引发种子(CK_1)比, 0.5 mmol·L^(-1) Spd处理显著提高了授粉后18、22、26和30 d种子的发芽率。两种浓度的Spd和Spm及清水引发(CK_2)与CK_1比,均显著提高了授粉后18～30 d种子的发芽指数。Spd和Spm引发提高了幼苗质量和幼苗叶片叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量。Spd和Spm处理提高了种子过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性。Spd处理显著降低了不同成熟度甜玉米种子的浸出液核酸含量。Spm处理显著提高4C型与2C型细胞数比率,提高了胚根尖细胞内DNA复制水平,而Spd处理效果不明显。可见, Spd和Spm引发处理能促进不同成熟时期收获的超甜玉米种子的萌发,提高种子抗氧化酶活性和幼苗各项生理指标,但两者对各质量指标的作用效果不同。从对发芽效果看, Spm的效果优于Spd,且以0.5 mmol·L^(-1)浓度较佳。Poor seed quality severely affects the germination rate and seedling growth of sweet corn seeds and even reduces the yield. In this study, 0.1 mmol·L^-1 and 0.5 mmol·L^-1 spermidine(Spd) and spermine(Spm) solution were used as priming chemicals to study their effects on seed germination and seedling growth of supersweet corn seeds with different maturity levels. The results showed that, in comparison with no priming(CK1) and water priming(CK2), priming with 0.1 mmol·L^-1 and 0.5 mmol·L^-1 Spm significantly increased germination percentage and germination energy of seeds collected at 18, 22, 26, and 30 days after pollination(DAP). Compared with CK1, 0.5 mmol·L^-1 Spd treatment significantly increased the germination percentage of 18, 22, 26 and 30 DAP seeds. As compared with CK1, Spd and Spm priming at both concentrations and water priming(CK2) significantly increased the germination index of 18–30 DAP seeds. Spd and Spm priming treatments increased seedling quality and chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content in seedling leaves. Spd and Spm priming both increased the activities of CAT, SOD and POD in seeds. Spd significantly reduced the leached nucleic acid content of sweet corn seeds with different maturity levels. Spm treatment significantly increased the cell numbers with ratio of 4C to 2C and increased the level of DNA replication in the root cells of embryos, however the effect of Spd treatment was not significant. Spd and Spm priming treatments could promote the germination of supersweet corn seeds harvested at different maturation stages and increase the antioxidant enzyme activities of the seeds and various physiological parameters of the seedlings. However, the effects of the two polyamines on different quality parameters were different. In the case of germination, Spm had better effects than that of Spd, especially at 0.5 mmol·L^-1.

关 键 词：超甜玉米 精胺 亚精胺 种子发芽 幼苗质量 引发 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]