日常生活中的江南:交通史视野下的一个解读  

Jiangnan in Daily Life: An Interpretation from the Perspective of Transportation History

作　　者：丁贤勇[1] Ding Xianyong(School of Humanities,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学人文学院,教授杭州311121

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2019年第1期139-149,160,共12页Zhejiang Social Sciences

摘　　要：明清至今,江南是中国社会经济文化发展的核心区域。关于"江南"的概念,学界讨论颇多,几达"人人心中都有一个江南"之程度。日常生活中的江南,应是思索这一概念的出发点,并需基于一个动态的、开放的和多元的基础之上。据此,其空间范围主要是指长江以南的江浙沪地区,及与江浙相邻的皖赣闽的毗连地区;大致上与现行气象区划中的"江南东部地区"相吻合;是一个处湖口东向南京、宁德,面向东海的一个扇形区域。这与江南地区特定的自然环境与交通条件较相吻合。在江南,水是其最核心的地理元素,也是江南传统交通之魂;它构成为江南交通线路的基本骨架。以水为据,江南可划分为太湖-运河流域(吴文化区)、长江下游沿江区域(长江文化区)、钱塘江流域(越文化区)、东部沿海及东海海域(海洋文化区)四大区域,分别是江南的核心区及江南的北翼、南翼与东翼,共构形成一个山地、平原、河湖、近海的生态相嵌体。1840年,西力东侵,江南也出现"千年未有之巨变",交通即为巨变之一。交通(行)作为日常生产生活中的最基本内容之一,它在近代经历了从以自然力为特征的传统交通向以机械力为特征的新式交通转变。在近代交通史视野中,作为一种可触可摸的物质力量,轮船、汽车、火车、飞机的传入,江南地区终于成为一个有机整体,形成近代新江南。Since Ming and Qing dynasty, Jiangnan has become a core area in social, economic and cultural development. There is plenty of discussion about the concept of "Jiangnan", nearly reaching to the extent that everyone gets an own meaning of Jiangnan in mind. Jiangnan in daily life is based on a dynamic,open and diversified concept. The space range of Jiangnan includes Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai area in the south of Yangtze River and its adjacent areas in Anhui, Jiangxi and Fujian provinces, presenting a fan shape east-facing Nanjing and Ningde and roughly matching up with the eastern areas of Yangtze River in the current metrological division. This is consistent with the specific natural environment and transportation conditions in Jiangnan. Water is the most core geographic element and the spirit of traditional traffic in Jiangnan which constitutes the basic skeleton of transportation routes. According to water, Jiangnan can be divided into four areas: Lake Tai-canal basin(Wu culture area), lower reaches alone the Yangtze River(Yangtze culture area), watershed along Qiantang River(Yue culture area) and east coastal and East China Sea area(Ocean culture area). These four areas are respectively the core area of Jiangnan and its north, south and east wing, together forming an ecological mosaic of mountain regions, plains, rivers, lakes and offshore areas.Since 1840, great changes had taken place in Jiangnan such as in transportation because of the invasion from western countries. As a basic behavior of daily life, transportation had experienced the transition from traditional mode driven by human power to a new mode driven by mechanical force. From the perspective of transportation history, Jiangnan area had become an organic whole eventually, forming a New Jiangnan in modern times after steamships, automobiles, trains and aircrafts as touchable material forces spread to China.

关 键 词：江南史 日常生活 交通史 新式交通 观念史 

分 类 号：F512.9[经济管理—产业经济]