三峡库区重庆段人类活动强度的景观格局梯度响应  

Response of Landscape Pattern Gradient to Human Activity Intensity in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing

作　　者：殷兴伟 王金柱[1] 黄容[1] 高明[1] YIN Xing-wei;WANG Jin-zhu;HUANG Rong;GAO Ming(College of Resource and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2018年第12期2718-2732,共15页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0800101)

摘　　要：基于三峡库区重庆段1995、2005、2015年土地利用图像,利用ArcGIS和FRAGSTATS软件,并结合夜间灯光数据构建人类活动强度带,分析了三峡库区重庆段在不同人类活动强度带3个时期的景观格局变化特征,并进一步研究了2015年研究区4种面积变化较大的景观类型格局特征随人类活动强度的梯度变化规律。研究结果表明:(1)人类活动的空间分布差异显著,强度由西向东逐渐递减,长江干线流域的人类活动强度相对周边区域更强;(2)在景观水平上,随着人类活动强度的增加,研究区景观斑块数大幅减少,多样性和均匀度指数先增加后减少,连通性有所下降;景观聚集度先减后增,破碎化程度有所增加,但在2015年得到一定改善;(3)在类型水平上,建设用地、水域、草地、低密度植被覆盖林地这4种景观类型能较好地反映景观格局变化特征,其中各景观类型的斑块密度、形状指数和分维数随人类活动强度的变化表现出较为明显的波动;除建设用地外其余景观类型的最大斑块指数和面积变化幅度较小,在人类活动强度最大时的建设用地面积占比和斑块指数分别达到71. 2%、35. 72%;(4)三峡工程、移民工程、城市化推进以及"退耕还林"等政策实施是三峡库区景观格局演变的重要驱动力。揭示了20a来三峡库区重庆段景观格局沿人类活动强度的梯度变化规律,可为研究区自然资源的合理开发及区域可持续发展提供参考。The Three Gorges Reservoir area of Chongqing,located on the upper area of the Yangtze River Basin,is one of the most important biodiversity conservation sites of China. It possesses abundant species and land resources. However,various human activities have directly or indirectly influenced the ecosystem pattern,and consequently the landscape pattern of Three Gorges Reservoir area has significantly changed. Therefore,based on the ArcGIS and FRAGSTATS software,the landscape type map in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing influenced by human activities was obtained through the method of artificial interpretation with the 3 remote sensing images( 1995, 2005, 2015). DMSP/OLS nighttime light stable data was selected to reflect the intensity of human activities,which was divided into 10 levels from weak to strong using the natural breaks method. Besides,the change characteristics of the landscape pattern in different periods within different transects were analyzes,as well as the gradient response of 4 types of landscape pattern characteristics to human activity intensity in 2015. The results were as follows: 1) The spatial distribution of human activities was significantly different,which gradually decreases from west to east. In addition,the intensity of human activities in the Yangtze River Basin was obviously stronger than that in the surrounding area. 2) At the landscape level,as the human activity intensity increased,the number of landscape patches in the study area was greatly reduced;yet SHDI( Shannon diversity index) and SHEI( Shannon evenness index) first ascended and then descended. In addition,landscape connectivity decreased slightly, and landscape aggregation increased, as well as the fragmentation degree while the situation improved in 2015. 3) At the class level,the change of landscape pattern could be well reflected by the 4 main landscape types( construction land,water area,grass land and low density vegetation cover forest land). Especially,PD( patch density),LSI( landscape shape index) and M

关 键 词：人类活动强度 土地利用 夜间灯光数据 景观格局 三峡库区 重庆 

分 类 号：P962[天文地球—自然地理学]