三峡库区重要支流鱼类多样性初探  

A Preliminary Study on Fish Diversity for Some Important Branches of Three Gorges Reservoir

作　　者：解崇友 牛亚兵 罗德怀 冯兴无[3] 蒲德永 彭作刚 曾波 王志坚 XIE Chong-you;NIU Ya-bin;LUO De-huai;FENG Xing-wu;PU De-yong;PENG Zuo-gang;ZENG Bo;WANG Zhi-jian(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education),Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing,School of Life Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region(Ministry of Education),Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region,School of Life Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;College of Animal Science and Technology Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学生命科学学院,淡水鱼类资源与生殖发育教育部重点实验室,水产科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆400715 [2]西南大学生命科学学院,三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆市三峡库区植物生态与资源重点实验室,重庆400715 [3]西南大学动物科技学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2018年第12期2747-2756,共10页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：三峡后续工作库区生态与生物多样性保护专项项目:重庆库区重要支流(江津-长寿段)水生生境状况调查与评估(5000002013BB5200001);三峡后续工作库区生态与生物多样性保护专项项目:重庆库区重要支流(涪陵-巫山段)水生生境状况调查与评估(5000002013BB5200002).

摘　　要：为了解三峡库区重要支流鱼类多样性情况,于2015年和2016年对三峡库区36条支流各进行了一次调查。长度小于50 km的河流设置4个调查断面,长度为50～100 km的河流设置6个调查断面、长度为100～300 km和超过1 000 km的河流均设置8个调查断面。共统计渔获物685. 5,测量鱼类标本35 507尾,鉴定鱼类121种,分属于9目22科78属,种类组成以鲤形目及鲤科为主,其中中国特有种68种,长江上游特有种26种,外来物种9种。小江渔获物种类、中国特有种和长江上游特有种都最多,其次为綦江。研究表明:该区域鱼类以产粘性卵和底栖为主,食性以肉食性和杂食性为主;按照河流的长度分为4组,长度超过1 000 km的河流与另外3个河流长度组的平均分类差异指数(Δ+)有显著性差异(P<0. 05),各河流长度组分类差异变异指数(Λ+)无显著性差异(P>0. 05),Δ+和Λ+与河流长度无显著性相关性(P>0. 05);库区支流主要经济鱼类是鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)和光泽拟鲿(Pseudobagrus nitidus)。建议严防引进种逃逸,加大对珍稀特有鱼类的基础生物学研究,特别是人工繁殖工作,将对支流鱼类多样性保护发挥重要作用。In order to learn the fish diversity in some important branches of Three Gorges Reservoir,the investigation was carried out in the 2015 and 2016 respectively. All important branches can be divided into 4 types: <50 km,50-100 km,100-300 km,and >1 000 km,and each of them was set to 4,6,8,8 sampling sections respectively. A total of 685. 5 kg catches was captured and 35507 samples were measured,121 species of fish were identified,belonging to 9 order,22 family and 78 genus,and Cypriniformes and Cyprinidae were the dominated order and family in this research,68 species were endemic to China,26 species were endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,and 9 species were exotic species. The number of total and endemic fish species to China and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in Xiaojiang River were the largest compared to other rivers,and the Qijiang River followed. The investigation results showed that fish ecological types were mainly viscous eggs,benthic fishes,carnivorous and omnivorous in the study area;there were significant differences in the average taxonomic distinctness Δ^+etween rivers greater than 1000 km and others by using t-tests( P <0. 05),there were no significant differences in the variation in taxonomic distinctness Λ^+mong 4 types of rivers with t-tests( P>0. 05),and indicated that there were no significant correlations between Δ^+Λ^+nd river length using Pearson correlation test( P > 0. 05);the main economic fish species included Cyprinus carpio,Carassius auratus,and Pseudobagrus nitidus. In conclusion,taking measures such as prevention introduced species escape and study on artificial reproduction of rare fish should be benefit for protecting fish diversity resources.

关 键 词：长江 三峡库区支流 鱼类多样性 资源保护 外来种 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]