基于DSSAT模型和正交试验相结合的春小麦灌溉模式优化研究  

A Study on Irrigation Model Optimization of Spring Wheat Based on DSSAT Model and Orthogonal Design

作　　者：魏玉清[1] 沈强云[2] 郝正刚 WEI Yu-qing;SHENG Qiang-yun;HAO Zheng-gang(College of Biosciences and Bioengineering,Beifang Minzu University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Crop Research Institute,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Yongning 750105,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]北方民族大学生物科学与工程学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所,宁夏永宁750105

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2019年第1期6-11,17,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：北方民族大学重点项目(2015KJ38);宁夏农林科学院科技先导项目(nkyq-18-0901)

摘　　要：利用DSSAT模型模拟和田间试验相结合的方法,对宁夏引黄灌区春小麦节水灌溉模式进行了研究。采用4因素2水平L16(215)正交试验设计方法,筛选确定了适合宁夏引黄灌区DSSAT模型的春小麦品种宁春50号的10个生长参数和7个遗传参数;模拟了16种不同灌水情景的春小麦产量和灌水生产率,结合田间试验对DSSAT模型的适用性进行了评价。综合分析模拟和田间试验结果表明:(1) DSSAT模型对春小麦宁春50号产量模拟的相对均方根误差、绝对相对误差和平均误差分别为RRMSE=10.32%,ARE=9.79%,ME=2.23 kg,表明该模型模拟灌水效果较好;灌溉次数和灌溉时间对春小麦的产量和灌水生产率有显著影响。(2)宁夏引黄灌区春小麦的节水灌溉模式为降雨正常年份可控三水(A1B1C2D1)或控四水(A1B1C1D2),产量和灌水生产率分别为5 907 kg/hm^2、1.41 kg/m^3和6 102 kg/hm^2、1.45 kg/m^3,较完全灌溉(产量6 635 kg/hm^2,灌水生产率1.30 kg/m^3)减产幅度不大,但灌水生产率有较大的提高;降雨偏多年份可选择只灌2次水(A1B1C2D2),可获得较高的产量和灌水生产率(为6 368 kg/hm^2和1.93 kg/m^3)。研究结论可为宁夏引黄灌区春小麦的节水灌溉方案的决策提供依据和参考。The water-saving irrigation model of spring wheat in Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area was studied by DSSAT model simulation and field experiment.The orthogonal test design method of 4-factor 2-level L16(215) was adopted both in simulation and field experiment.The10 growth parameters and 7 genetic parameters of spring wheat varieties(Ningchun 50#) suitable for the DSSAT model in Ningxia yellow irrigation area were screened and determined.Combined with the main field experiments,16 different irrigation scenarios of spring wheat yield and irrigation water use efficiency were simulated,and the applicability of DSSAT4.7-CERES-wheat model was evaluated.Comprehensive analysis of simulation and field test results show that:(1) the Relative Root Mean Square Error(RRMSE),Absolute Relative Error(ARE) and Average Error(ME) of the yield of spring wheat variety Ning Chun 50# between simulation and field test are 10.32%,9.79%and 2.23 kg,respectively,which indicates that the model is better for simulating the irrigation mode optimization effect;under normal field management conditions,irrigation times and irrigation time have significant effects on spring wheat yield and irrigation productivity.(2) under normal climate conditions,spring wheat water-saving irrigation scheme in the irrigation area of Ningxia were non-irrigation at third water(A1B1C2D1) or fourth water(A1B1C1D2),the yield are 5 907 and 6 102 kg/hm^2,respectively,and the irrigation water use efficiency are1.41 and 1.45 kg/m^3,respectively.Two times of irrigation A1B1C2D2(first and second irrigation) can be used when the rainfall tends to be plenty,which can achieve high yield and water production efficiency(6 368 kg/hm^2 and 1.93 kg/m^3,respectively).The conclusions of this study can provide the basis and reference for the decision of water-saving irrigation scheme for spring wheat in Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area.

关 键 词：DSSAT模型 春小麦 正交设计 灌溉模式 优化 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程] S512.12[农业科学—农业工程]