不同灌溉方式对猕猴桃园土壤质量的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation Modes on Soil Quality of Kiwifruit Plantations

作　　者：郭旭新[1] 赵英[1] 樊会芳 高志永[1] GUO Xu-xin;ZHAO Ying;FAN Hui-fang;GAO Zhi-yong(Department of Water Conservancy,Yangling Vocational &Technological College,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]杨凌职业技术学院水利工程分院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2019年第1期40-44,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：GEF项目及陕西省林业厅项目(陕林策字[2017]120号);杨凌职业技术学院自然科学研究基金项目(A201818)

摘　　要：为探明不同灌溉方式对猕猴桃园土壤质量的影响,2016-2017年在陕西眉县和杨凌猕猴桃园布设微喷灌、地面灌溉和滴灌处理,对0～50 cm土层的土壤容重、田间持水量、土壤孔隙度、有机质、速效钾、速效磷和碱解氮进行了统计分析,并利用土壤质量综合指数对不同灌溉处理土壤质量进行了评价。结果表明:(1)微喷灌和滴灌处理土壤容重、土壤孔隙度和田间持水量在0～50 cm各土层内无差异,在0～30 cm各土层均显著优于地面灌溉处理(P<0.05);(2)与猕猴桃施肥标准相比,3种处理在0～50 cm土层内有机质和碱解氮均亏缺,微喷灌和地面灌溉处理在该土层内速效钾和磷均处于盈余状态;(3)土壤容重和有机质是反映猕猴桃园土壤质量的综合指标;(4)滴灌处理土壤质量综合指数在10～50 cm各土层显著高于微喷灌和地面灌溉处理(P<0.05),是二者的1.21～1.81倍。因此,猕猴桃园采用滴灌是土地可持续性利用的有效措施。研究成果为猕猴桃园灌溉措施筛选及土地可持续性利用提供参考。In order to verify the effects of different irrigation methods on the soil quality of kiwifruit plantation,three irrigation modes,micro sprinkler irrigation,surface irrigation and drip irrigation,were set up from 2016 to 2017 in Mei County and Yangling kiwifruit plantation in Shaanxi province.The soil bulk density,field capacity,soil porosity,organic matter,available potassium,available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in 0-50 cm soil layer were statistically analyzed by SPASS 18.And then the soil quality of different irrigation treatments was evaluated by soil quality index.The results show that:(1) there is no difference in soil bulk density,soil porosity and field capacity between micro sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation treatment in 0~50 cm soil layers,but the above indexes of micro sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation are significantly better than those of surface irrigation treatment in 0~30 cm soil layer(P<0.05);(2) compared with the fertilization standard of the kiwifruit orchard,the 3 treatments are both deficient in organic matter and alkali hydrolysable nitrogen,and the available potassium and phosphorus in the treatment of micro sprinkler irrigation and surface irrigation are exceed the balanced value in the 0~50 cm soil layer;(3) soil bulk density and organic matter are comprehensive indexes to reflect the soil quality of kiwifruit plantation;(4) soil quality index of drip irrigation treatment is significantly higher than that of micro sprinkler irrigation and ground irrigation treatment(P<0.05),which is 1.21~1.81 times higher than that of both.Therefore,drip irrigation is an effective measure for sustainable land use in kiwifruit plantation.The study results are of great significance for screening of irrigation measures and providing a reference for the sustainable utilization of land.

关 键 词：猕猴桃 灌溉方式 土壤质量 可持续性利用 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程] S158[农业科学—农业工程]