文山州烤烟大田期气候特征和气候风险分析  

Analysis on climate characteristics and risk during the field period of flue-cured tobacco in Wenshan

作　　者：冯德花 李大肥[2] 王郦 资云萍 Feng Dehua;Li Dafei;Wang Li;Zi Yunping(Wenshan Meteorological Service,Wenshan Yunan 663000;Wenshan Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province,Wenshan Yunan 663000)

机构地区：[1]云南省文山州气象局,云南文山663000 [2]云南省烟草公司文山州公司,云南文山663000

出　　处：《气象研究与应用》2018年第4期46-50,57,108,共7页Journal of Meteorological Research and Application

基　　金：云南省烟草公司科技项目(2016YN14)资助

摘　　要：利用1988～2017年4月下旬至9月下旬文山州烤烟种植大田期间气象数据资料,对文山州近30a烤烟种植气候特征进行分析,并对关键气候因子风险度进行评估。分析表明:(1)烤烟大田期平均气温、降水量和日照时数都呈现增长趋势,东部高温突出,南部多雨多日照,西部多日照,除富宁大部地区平均气温偏高外,文山州大部分地区均符合优质烟区的气候种植条件。(2)文山州烤烟种植前期平均气温和降水量风险度较高,为主要的气候限制因子,整个生育期日照时数风险度最小,6～8月雨量风险次小;7～8月日照和平均气温风险均表现为东高西低,是中部及其以东地区烤烟种植的主要气候限制因子。综合气候风险度年际分布不均匀,除东部富宁地区外,文山州大部地区具备烤烟种植的较好气候条件,种植综合气候风险东部较高,未来不适宜优质烤烟种植,温度和降水是东部烤烟种植的主要限制气候因子。By analyzing the meteorological conditions of flue-cured tobacco planting in Wenshan from late April to late September in 1988-2017,the climatic characteristics and risk degree of flue-cured tobacco planting in recent 30 years were found out.(1) The average temperature,precipitation and sunshine duration of flue-cured tobacco in the field period have an increasing trend;high temperature in the east is sticking out,the southern area is rainy and sunny,and the west has abundant rainfall.Except for most parts of Funing has a high average temperature,most areas of Wenshan met the climatic planting conditions of high-quality tobacco.(2) The average temperature and precipitation risks of the early stage planting are higher,which are the main climatic limiting factors.The risk degree of sunshine duration is the lowest in the whole growth period.The rainfall risk is the lowest from June to August,at this period,the risk of sunshine and average temperature is high in the east and low in the west,which was the main climatic limiting factor for tobacco cultivation in the central and eastern regions.(3)The interannual distribution of comprehensive climate risk is uneven.Except for the eastern Funing,most areas of Wenshan have great climate conditions for flue-cured tobacco planting.The eastern Wenshan has higher comprehensive climate risk,not suitable for high-quality tobacco planting in the future.In addition,temperature and rainfall are the main limiting factors in east areas.

关 键 词：文山州 烤烟 气候特征 气候风险 

分 类 号：P464[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]