硅藻C_4固碳途径的研究进展  

Research progress on C_4 carbon fixation pathway of diatoms

作　　者：刘乾[1] 米铁柱[1,2,3] 甄毓 王华龙 于志刚[2,5] LIU Qian;MI Tie-zhu;ZHEN Yu;WANG Hua-long;YU Zhi-gang(College of Marine Life Science,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology,Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Chemical Theory and Technology,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛266003 [2]青岛海洋科学技术国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [4]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266100 [5]海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《海洋科学》2018年第7期131-140,共10页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41620104001);鳌山科技创新计划项目(2016ASKJ02)资助~~

摘　　要：硅藻不仅对全球初级生产力有重要贡献,还在碳的生物地球化学循环、维持海洋生态系统稳定方面起到了重要作用,因此受到广泛关注。结合新兴的高通量测序技术对硅藻固碳途径进行研究,已经证明其在基因组层次上C_4途径所需关键基因的存在,而转录组测序技术则可以在基因组的基础上,结合一系列特定的环境因子展开更深一步的研究。虽然一些硅藻种类中的单细胞C_4途径在其体内的作用仍存在争议,但随着同位素标记,实时荧光定量PCR等技术的发展与应用,这一领域的相关证据不断积累,并发现这一机制除了可以提高Rubisco酶的CO_2固定效率以外,还具有降低光呼吸强度,为碳代谢相关的途径提供还原力和中间代谢产物的重要意义。通过C_4途径与不同生态学尺度相结合的研究,不仅明确了该过程在代谢产物运输和能量流动方面的运行情况,还可以更好得解释硅藻在海洋环境中取得的巨大成功。Diatoms not only make an important contribution to the global primary productivity, but also play an important role in the circulation of organic carbon and the maintenance of the stability of the marine ecosystem. Therefore, they have drawn people’s extensive attention. Combining the research of the fixed metabolic pathways of diatom carbon with the emerging high-throughput sequencing technology, the existence of the key genes required for the C4 pathway at the genome level has been proved. Also, on the basis of the genome, the transcriptome sequencing technology can be combined with specific environmental factors to develop a deeper study. Although the role of the unicellular C4 pathway in some species of diatoms remains controversial, the evidence for this research continues to accumulate with the development and application of techniques such as isotope labeling and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. It is also found that in addition to improving the fixed efficiency of CO2 of Rubisco enzyme, the mechanism can also reduce the photorespiration intensity and adapt to the marine environment better. The combined research of the C4 pathway with different ecological scales such as individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems also helps us understand the details of their transport and energy flows across metabolites and their great ecological success.

关 键 词：硅藻 固碳途径 C4途径 

分 类 号：N1[自然科学总论]