植物反转录转座子功能研究进展  

Functional progress of retrotransposons in plants

作　　者：林悦龙 肖开转[1,2,3] 连玲 何炜[1,2,3] 陈丽萍 蔡秋华[1,2,3] 王颖姮 谢华安[1,2,3] 张建福 Yuelong Lin;Kaizhuan Xiao;Ling Lian;Wei He;Liping Chen;Qiuhua Cai;Yingheng Wang;Hua'an Xie;Jianfu Zhang(Rice Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350019,China;Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China,Ministry of Agriculture,Chinal Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Fujian Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding Between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences &Technology/ National Rice Engineering Laboratory of China/Base of South-China,National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice/Fuzhou Branch,National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding, Fuzhou 350003,China;State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350003,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院水稻研究所,福州350019 [2]农业部华南杂交水稻种质创新与分子育种重点实验室/福建省作物种质创新与分子育种省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地/水稻国家工程实验室/杂交水稻国家重点实验室华南研究基地/福州(国家)水稻改良分中心/福建省作物分子育种工程实验室/福建省水稻分子育种重点实验室,福州350003 [3]闽台作物有害生物生态防控国家重点实验室,福州350003

出　　处：《科学通报》2019年第1期35-48,共14页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0101801);福建省科技计划--省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2018R1101013-4);福建省农业科学院创新团队项目(STIT17-1-1)资助

摘　　要：反转录转座子(retrotransposon),是一类以RNA为中介,在反转录酶的参与下,进行自我复制并整合到基因组其他位点中的转座元件(transposableelements,TEs).反转录转座子是许多真核生物基因组的主要组成部分,在高等植物如玉米、小麦等作物中含量丰富.这些反转座子的功能及生物学意义一直以来都存在争议,但越来越多研究表明,它们对于邻近基因的表达调控以及整个生物体基因组的进化有着深远的影响.本文主要从反转座子与非编码RNA的联系及其转座过程所产生的基因结构变异、反转座基因等方面,概述了植物中反转座子功能的相关研究进展.Retrotransposon is a type of transposable elements(TEs), which can replicate itself and move to other loci through the form of DNA→RNA→DNA intermediated with RNA in the genome, and belongs to the class I type transposon. Basically, retrotransposons can be divided into two mainly categories including LTR(long terminal repeat) and nonLTR(non-long terminal repeat). The LTR retrotransposon can be furtherly divided into two main groups including Ty1/copia and Ty3/gypsy, which have a long terminal repeat structure similar to the retrovirus genome. The LTR usually do not encode proteins, but it can serve as regulator for transcription and termination and so on. Non-LTR retrotransposon includes the LINE(Long interspersed nuclear elements) and SINE(Short interspersed nuclear elements). The SINE retrotransposons do not encode the enzymes required for transposition and cannot complete the retrotransposition autonomously. Retrotransposons are the main components in the genome of most eukaryotic, which are also abundant in higher plants. For example, they account for more than 60 percent of the genome sequence in tomatoes, while nearly 80 percent of the genome sequence is made up of retrotransposons in corn and wheat. As early as 1950 s, the famous American geneticist, Barbara McClintock, had discovered the existence of transposon when studying the variation of color spots in corn kernels. However, the function and biological significance of those transposons including retrotransposons have always been controversial. But more and more researches reveal that the retrotransposons play an important role in the regulation of gene expression and evolution of plant genome in recent years. Some activated transcript of retrotransposons can participate the production of non-coding RNAs, such as small RNAs or LncRNAs, and rely on the targeting effect of these non-coding RNAs, and are further involved in the expression regulation of downstream-related genes. The transposition of retrotransposons always influences gene structure and

关 键 词：反转座子 smRNA lncRNA 反转座基因 嵌合基因 胁迫 反转录病毒 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]